알고리즘에 기반한 개인화되고 상호작용적인 뉴스 생성에 관한 연구

학위논문 (박사)-- 서울대학교 대학원 : 언론정보학과, 2017. 2. 이준환.Algorithms are increasingly playing an important role in the production of news content with growing computational capacity. Moreover, the use of the algorithm is taking up traditional human roles as increasing number of journalistic activities are mediated by software. For instance, the Los Angele Times runs software called Quakebot, which makes automated decisions on publishing news articles on abnormal seismic events. The Associated Press and Forbes have long been publishing algorithm-generated news content in collaboration with narrative-generation algorithm developers since 2014. The Washington Post also joined the trend by developing news reporting software for 2016 Rio Olympics. We were motivated by the advent of various algorithm-generated news products. We reviewed current practices of algorithm-generated news and classified common algorithmic attributes to derive insights on how to maximize the capacity of the algorithm for more engaging and appealing news content generation. The key opportunity areas we found were 1) broadening depth and breadth of input data enriches algorithmic computation, 2) personalizing the narrative in the context of news readers raises interest, 3) presenting interactive user interface components helps to engage news readers and make them more active news consumers. We designed an algorithmic framework based on the proposed key concepts and implemented a news generation system called PINGS, which is capable of generating more personalized and interactive news stories. In this thesis, we describe the design process and implementation details that shaped the PINGS. We present a study on how news readers perceive the news values of the content generated by PINGS as well as the comments and opinions on its potential influence in the field and usability and usefulness of the system by recruiting experts for qualitative review. This thesis includes discussions on our approach to design and implement personalization and interactivity functions into a news system, and contributions it makes to the fields of journalism and HCI.I. Introduction 1 II. Theoretical Background: The Algorithmic Turn in Journalism 9 2.1 The Computational Turn in Media 9 2.2 Computational Journalism 14 2.3 The Algorithmic Turn in Journalism 19 2.4 Algorithmic News Generation Process 24 III. Practices of Algorithmic News Generation 29 3.1 Overview 29 3.2 Types of Algorithm-generated News 35 3.3 Analysis of Algorithmic Attributes 49 3.4 Discussion 56 IV. Research Questions 62 V. Developing Algorithm Framework for News Generation 68 5.1 Opportunities for Algorithmic News Generation 68 5.2 Algorithm Framework for News Generation 79 5.3 Discussion 91 VI. Design and Evaluation of the PINGS: Personalized and Interactive News Generation System 97 6.1 Overview 97 6.2 Underlying Framework Development 100 6.3 Design and Implementation of PINGS 115 6.4 Evaluation of PINGS 133 6.5 Discussion 152 VII. Discussion for Algorithmic News Generation 157 7.1 Discussion 157 7.2 Contributions 165 7.3 Limitations 169 VIII.Conclusion 174 8.1 Summary of Work 174 8.2 Opportunities for Future Work 176 References 178 Appendix A: Algorithm News Products 188 Appendix B: Study Materials 193 국문초록 204Docto

Mid-term Clinical and Radiological Outcomes of Latissimus Dorsi Tendon Transfer in Massive Rotator Cuff Tears

Background This retrospective study was undertaken to evaluate mid-term clinical and radiological outcomes of lattisimus dorsi (LD) tendon transfer in patients with irreparable massive rotator cuff tears (MRCT). We hypothesize that LD tendon transfer would provide safe and satisfactory clinical outcomes at mid-term follow-up. Methods From November 2008 to December 2016, 23 patients (57.5 ± 4.4 years; 20 male, 3 female) who underwent LD tendon transfer for massive tears, were enrolled. Inclusion criteria were irreparable MRCT. Exclusion criteria included full thickness subscapularis tear, rotator cuff arthropathy, anterosuperior rotator cuff tear, and osteoarthritis. Mean follow-up period was 4.7 ± 4.0 years (range, 2–12 years). Clinical assessment (American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons [ASES], University of California, Los Angeles [UCLA], Simple Shoulder Test [SST]) and radiographic assessment (osteoarthritis [OA], acromiohumeral distance [AHI]) were evaluated. Results ASES, UCLA and SST scores, and range of motion (ROM), except internal rotation, improved significantly at the last follow-up (p<0.05). Also, AHI was significantly improved at the last follow-up, from 6.6 mm to 8.2 mm (p=0.008). At the final follow-up, the radiologic stages of the glenohumeral osteoarthritis were determined as stage 1 in 9 patients, stage 2 in 10 patients, stage 3 in 2 patients, and stage 4 in 2 patients. Complications were observed in 21.7% cases: 3 re-tears and 2 infections were noted in our study. Conclusions LD tendon transfer for irreparable MRCT provides satisfactory clinical outcomes at mid-term follow-up. Mild degenerative osteoarthritis (stage 1, 2) of the shoulder joint are common at the mid-term follow-up. Also, complications such as tear, infection should be considered

Towards predicting GPGPU performance for concurrent workloads

© 2019 IEEE.General-Purpose Graphics Processing Units (GPGPUs) have been widely adapted to the industry due to the high parallelism of Graphics Processing Units (GPUs) compared with Central Processing Units (CPUs). To handle the ever-increasing demand, multiple applications often run concurrently in the GPGPU device. However, the GPGPU device can be under-utilized when various types of GPGPU applications are running concurrently. In this paper, we analyze various types of scientific applications and identify factors that impact the performance during the concurrent execution of the applications in the GPGPU device. Our analysis results show that each application has a distinct characteristic and a certain combination of applications has better performance compared with the others when executed concurrently. Based on the finding of our analysis, we propose a simulator which predicts the performance of GPGPU. Our simulator collects performance metrics during the execution of applications and predicts the performance benefits. The experimental result shows that the best combination of applications can increase the performance by 39.44% and 65.98% compared with the average of combinations and the worst case, respectively.N

A comparison of radiographic and clinical outcomes of anterior lumbar interbody fusion performed with either a cellular bone allograft containing multipotent adult progenitor cells or recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2

Abstract Background Both the map3 Cellular Allogeneic Bone Graft® and recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein 2 (rhBMP-2, Infuse®) were developed to provide an alternative to iliac crest autograft, thus eliminating the morbidity associated with its harvest. The recent literature concerning adverse events associated with the use of rhBMP-2, however, highlights the need for a safe and effective alternative. The multipotent adult progenitor cells (MAPC) found in map3 allograft may provide this alternative. The purpose of this study is to report 1-year outcomes of patients treated via anterior lumbar interbody fusion (ALIF) using either map3 Cellular Allogeneic Bone Graft or rhBMP-2 for bony fusion. Methods This was a retrospective evaluation of 41 patients treated via ALIF with either map3 or rhBMP-2 in a polyetheretherketone cage with posterior stabilization at 1, 2, or 3 consecutive levels (L3-S1). Patients were equally divided between treatment groups. The Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) and visual analog scores (VAS) for pain were documented as part of the standard of care. An independent radiologist assessed bridging of bone, disc height, and lordosis. Primary outcome measures included radiographic analysis of fusion by plain film and CTs. Secondary clinical outcomes included visual analogue scale for neck and arm pain and low back disability index scores. Results The overall fusion rate was 91%, with no significant difference between groups. Improvements in ODI and VAS were observed among all patients (p < 0.001), with no significant difference between groups for ODI (p = 0.966) or VAS (p = 0.251). There was no significant difference in terms of changes to disc height and lordosis between groups (p < 0.05). The rhBMP-2 group had increased post-operative complications when compared to the map3 group, but the low numbers precluded statistical analysis. Conclusion Improvements in radiographic and clinical findings were observed in both treatment groups one-year postoperatively. Map3 allograft demonstrated equivalent fusion rates to rhBMP-2. A review of surgical supply costs at the treatment facility favored map3 allograft for the treatment of patients with DDD undergoing an ALIF in 1–3 levels compared to rhBMP-2. Further studies to evaluate long-term outcomes and post-operative complications are required

Neural Network-Based Joint Velocity Estimation Method for Improving Robot Control Performance

Joint velocity estimation is one of the essential properties that implement for accurate robot motion control. Although conventional approaches such as numerical differentiation of position measurements and model-based observers exhibit feasible performance for velocity estimation, instability can be occurred because of phase lag or model inaccuracy. This study proposes a model-free approach that can estimate the velocity with less phase lag by batch training of a neural network with pre-collected encoder measurements. By learning a weighted moving average, the proposed method successfully estimates the velocity with less latency imposed by the noise attenuation compared to the conventional methods. Practical experiments with two robot platforms with high degrees of freedom are conducted to validate the effectiveness of the proposed method

Conformationally Distorted π‑Conjugation for Reaction-Based Detection of Nickel: Fluorescence Turn-on by Twist-and-Fragment

A conformationally twisted <i>N</i>-arylbenzotriazole was designed as a fluorescence turn-on molecular probe. Under ambient conditions, metal-catalyzed deallylation reactions restore an intense blue emission. This reaction scheme is applicable exclusively to Group 10 transition metal ions and optimized, in particular, for nickel to allow sub-micromolar detection with no competition from other first-row transition-metal ions

Comparing predictions among competing risks models with rare events: application to KNOW-CKD atudy—a multicentre cohort study of chronic kidney disease

Abstract A prognostic model to determine an association between survival outcomes and clinical risk factors, such as the Cox model, has been developed over the past decades in the medical field. Although the data size containing subjects’ information gradually increases, the number of events is often relatively low as medical technology develops. Accordingly, poor discrimination and low predicted ability may occur between low- and high-risk groups. The main goal of this study was to evaluate the predicted probabilities with three existing competing risks models in variation with censoring rates. Three methods were illustrated and compared in a longitudinal study of a nationwide prospective cohort of patients with chronic kidney disease in Korea. The prediction accuracy and discrimination ability of the three methods were compared in terms of the Concordance index (C-index), Integrated Brier Score (IBS), and Calibration slope. In addition, we find that these methods have different performances when the effects are linear or nonlinear under various censoring rates

Triazoliptycenes: A Twist on Iptycene Chemistry for Regioselective Cross-Coupling To Build Nonstacking Fluorophores

Triazoliptycene fluorophores have been designed and synthesized, in which a three-dimensional propeller-like iptycene motif is employed to suppress intermolecular π–π stacking in the solid state. Key to the success of this modular synthesis is a stereoelectronic bias imposed by the iptycene scaffold, which assists the desired regioselectivity in the C–N cross-coupling step as the last-stage structure diversification from a common precursor

Permselective metal-organic framework gel membrane enables long-life cycling of rechargeable organic batteries

Rechargeable organic batteries show great potential as a low-cost, sustainable and mass-producible alternatives to current transition-metal-based cells; however, serious electrode dissolution issues and solubilization of organic redox intermediates (shuttle effect) have plagued the capacity retention and cyclability of these cells. Here we report on the use of a metal-organic framework (MOF) gel membrane as a separator for organic batteries. The homogeneous micropores, intrinsic of the MOF-gel separator, act as permselective channels for targeted organic intermediates, thereby mitigating the shuttling problem without sacrificing power. A battery using a MOF-gel separator and 5,5 '-dimethyl-2,2 '-bis-p-benzoquinone (Me(2)BBQ) as the electrode displays high cycle stability with capacity retention of 82.9% after 2,000 cycles, corresponding to a capacity decay of similar to 0.008% per cycle, with a discharge capacity of similar to 171 mA h g(-1) at a current density of 300 mA g(-1). The molecular and ionic sieving capabilities of MOF-gel separators promise general applicability, as pore size can be tuned to specific organic electrode materials. The use of MOF-gel separators to prevent side reactions of soluble organic redox intermediates could lead to the development of rechargeable organic batteries with high energy density and long cycling life.

Proton Switch in the Secondary Coordination Sphere to Control Catalytic Events at the Metal Center: Biomimetic Oxo Transfer Chemistry of Nickel Amidate Complex

High-valent metal-oxo species are key intermediates for the oxygen atom transfer step in the catalytic cycles of many metalloenzymes. While the redox-active metal centers of such enzymes are typically supported by anionic amino acid side chains or porphyrin rings, peptide backbones might function as strong electron-donating ligands to stabilize high oxidation states. To test the feasibility of this idea in synthetic settings, we have prepared a nickel(II) complex of new amido multidentate ligand. The mononuclear nickel complex of this N5 ligand catalyzes epoxidation reactions of a wide range of olefins by using mCPBA as a terminal oxidant. Notably, a remarkably high catalytic efficiency and selectivity were observed for terminal olefin substrates. We found that protonation of the secondary coordination sphere serves as the entry point to the catalytic cycle, in which high-valent nickel species is subsequently formed to carry out oxo-transfer reactions. A conceptually parallel process might allow metalloenzymes to control the catalytic cycle in the primary coordination sphere by using proton switch in the secondary coordination sphere