Antifungal activities and active ingredients of <i>Melodinus suaveolens</i> Champ. ex Benth.

<p>Four <i>Melodinus</i> species with antifungal activity were found in survey of the floral resources, in Shiwan Mountain Natural Reserve, Guangxi Province, China. Crude methanolic extracts of the twigs and leaves of <i>Melodinus suaveolens</i> exhibited potent antifungal activities against the plant pathogenic fungi <i>Colletotrichum musae</i>, <i>Colletotrichum graminicola</i>, <i>Colletotrichum gloeosporioides</i> and <i>Alternaria musae</i>, and the ethyl acetate fraction inhibited these pathogens at rates of 85.37, 91.47, 72.77 and 89.87%, respectively (5 mg/mL). A new compound, (2<i>R</i>, 3<i>S</i>, 5<i>S</i>, 6<i>R</i>)-1-<i>O</i>-methyl- <i>chiro</i>-inositol was isolated from the ethyl acetate fraction, along with 15 known compounds. The antifungal activities of compounds (<b>1</b>–<b>16</b>) were evaluated for the first time. Compound (<b>4</b>) had potent antifungal activity against <i>C. gloeosporioides</i>, <i>C. graminicola</i> and <i>A. musae.</i></p

Efficacy of fluopyram applied by chemigation on controlling eggplant root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) and its effects on soil properties.

The root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne spp.) is one of the major challenges in eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) production. Fluopyram, known to be an effective fungicide, is also used for controlling root-knot nematode. However, in China, little information is currently available regarding the efficacy of fluopyram via chemigation against root-knot nematode and its effects on soil properties. For this, the objective of this work was to test mortality of root-knot nematode, functional diversity of soil microbial community, activity of soil enzyme after fluopyram applicated by chemigation. The results of two field experiments revealed that concentration of 60 g·ha-1 fluopyram applied with 200 L·ha-1 irrigation water at 2 L·h-1 flow velocity was the most effective chemigation parameters for controlling eggplant against root-knot nematode. The functional diversity of the soil microbial community was significantly affected by fluopyram. The activities of soil urease and β-glucosidase decreased during the initial stages but recovered at later stages. In brief, fluopyram has advantageous for the efficient control of root-knot nematode with no deleterious effects on soil properties as well as chemigation is positive for application in karst landscape in Guangxi

Integrative analysis of co-expression pattern of solute carrier transporters reveals molecular subtypes associated with tumor microenvironment hallmarks and clinical outcomes in colon cancer

Recent findings have suggested that solute carrier (SLC) transporters play an important role in tumor development and progression, and alterations in the expression of individual SLC genes are critical for fulfilling the heightened metabolic requirements of cancerous cells. However, the global influence of the co-expression pattern of SLC transporters on the clinical stratification and characteristics of the tumor microenvironment (TME) remains unexplored. In this study, we identified five SLC gene subtypes based on transcriptome co-expression patterns of 187 SLC transporters by consensus clustering analysis. These subtypes, which were characterized by distinct TME and biological characteristics, were successfully employed for prognostic and chemotherapy response prediction in colon cancer patients, as well as demonstrated associations with immunotherapy benefits. Then, we generated an SLC score model comprising 113 genes to quantify SLC gene co-expression patterns and validated it as an independent prognostic factor and drug response predictor in several independent colon cancer cohorts. Patients with a high SLC score possessed distinct characteristics of copy number variation, genomic mutations, DNA methylation, and indicated an SLC-S2 subtype, which was characterized by strong stromal cell infiltration, stromal pathway activation, poor prognosis, and low predicted fluorouracil and immunotherapeutic responses. Furthermore, the analysis of the Cancer Therapeutics Response Portal database revealed that inhibitors targeting PI3K catalytic subunits could serve as promising chemosensitizing agents for individuals exhibiting high SLC scores. In conclusion, the co-expression patterns of SLC transporters aided the disease classification, and the SLC score proved to be a reliable tool for distinguishing SLC gene subtypes and guiding precise treatment in patients with colon cancer

ANOVA analysis for the response surface quadratic model.

<p>ANOVA analysis for the response surface quadratic model.</p

Degradation of various phenylurea herbicides by strain DP8-1 after 7 days of incubation in amendment MSM.

<p>Degradation of various phenylurea herbicides by strain DP8-1 after 7 days of incubation in amendment MSM.</p

The primers, annealing temperatures and references for all target nuclear coli.

<p>The primers, annealing temperatures and references for all target nuclear coli.</p

Biodegradation of diuron by an endophytic fungus <i>Neurospora intermedia</i> DP8-1 isolated from sugarcane and its potential for remediating diuron-contaminated soils

<div><p>A diuron-degrading endophyte DP8-1 was isolated from sugarcane root grown in diuron-treated soil in the present study. The endophyte was identified as <i>Neurospora intermedia</i> based on the morphological characteristics and sequence analysis. The fermentation parameters including temperature, pH, inoculation size, carbon source, and initial diuron concentration were also investigated for the optimization of degradation efficiency. The results indicated that strain DP8-1 was capable of degrading up to 99% diuron within 3 days under the optimal degrading condition. The study of degradation spectrum indicated that strain DP8-1 could also degrade and utilize fenuron, monuron, metobromuron, isoproturon, chlorbromuron, linuron, and chlortoluron as substrate for strain growth. On basis of liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis for the products of the degradation of diuron, strain DP8-1 metabolized diuron to produce N-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-urea and N-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-N-methylurea through sequential N-dealkylations. In a soil bioaugmentation experiment, the inoculation of strain DP8-1 into diuron-treated soil effectively enhanced the disappearance rate of diuron.</p></div

Degradation of diuron in different soil treatments after 20 days of incubation.

<p>Error bars represented the standard deviation of the mean.</p