Epidemiological assumptions, vaccine effectiveness and vaccination coverage underlying the model.

<p>Epidemiological assumptions, vaccine effectiveness and vaccination coverage underlying the model.</p

Cost estimates and disability weights used in the model.

<p>Cost estimates and disability weights used in the model.</p

Strategies of HBV vaccination in the decision analytic model.

<p>Strategies of HBV vaccination in the decision analytic model.</p

Comparisons of number of perinatal HBV infections per 100,000, costs, DALYs and ICER.

<p>Comparisons of number of perinatal HBV infections per 100,000, costs, DALYs and ICER.</p

Cost-effectiveness acceptability curves^a,b (societal perspective (above) and payer’s perspective (below)).

<p>a. DALY, Disability Adjusted Life Year. b. The results derived from 100,000 times of Monte Carlo simulation. Each parameters was uniformly distributed within the range presented in Tables <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0165879#pone.0165879.t002" target="_blank">2</a>–<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0165879#pone.0165879.t004" target="_blank">4</a> [<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0165879#pone.0165879.ref048" target="_blank">48</a>]. Considering that the uniform distribution was chosen arbitrarily, the results of probabilistic sensitivity analysis may contain a non-negligible variation compared to that of base case.</p

Results of univariate sensitivity analysis^a,b (societal perspective).

<p>a. ICER, Incremental Cost-Effectiveness Ratio; DALY, Disability Adjusted Life Year; TBD, Timely Birth Dose. b. ICER values below 0 imply that the strategy is dominated.</p

Pathway-Based Analysis Using Genome-wide Association Data from a Korean Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Study

<div><p>Pathway-based analysis, used in conjunction with genome-wide association study (GWAS) techniques, is a powerful tool to detect subtle but systematic patterns in genome that can help elucidate complex diseases, like cancers. Here, we stepped back from genetic polymorphisms at a single locus and examined how multiple association signals can be orchestrated to find pathways related to lung cancer susceptibility. We used single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array data from 869 non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cases from a previous GWAS at the National Cancer Center and 1,533 controls from the Korean Association Resource project for the pathway-based analysis. After mapping single-nucleotide polymorphisms to genes, considering their coding region and regulatory elements (±20 kbp), multivariate logistic regression of additive and dominant genetic models were fitted against disease status, with adjustments for age, gender, and smoking status. Pathway statistics were evaluated using Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) and Adaptive Rank Truncated Product (ARTP) methods. Among 880 pathways, 11 showed relatively significant statistics compared to our positive controls (P_GSEA≤0.025, false discovery rate≤0.25). Candidate pathways were validated using the ARTP method and similarities between pathways were computed against each other. The top-ranked pathways were <i>ABC Transporters</i> (P_GSEA<0.001, P_ARTP = 0.001), <i>VEGF Signaling Pathway</i> (P_GSEA<0.001, P_ARTP = 0.008), <i>G1/S Check Point</i> (P_GSEA = 0.004, P_ARTP = 0.013), and <i>NRAGE Signals Death through JNK</i> (P_GSEA = 0.006, P_ARTP = 0.001). Our results demonstrate that pathway analysis can shed light on post-GWAS research and help identify potential targets for cancer susceptibility.</p></div

Overview of the Study.

<p>Overview of the Study.</p

Summary of Positive Control Tests.

1<p>IL1B, MTHFR, AKAP9, CAMKK1, SEZ6L, FAS, FASLG, TP53, TP53BP1, EGFR, KRAS, ERBB2, ALK, BRAF, PIK3CA, AKT1, MAP2K1, MET, ROS1, NRAS, C3ORF21, TP63, TERT, CLPTM1L, BAT3, MSH5, CHRNA3, CHRNA4, CHRNA5, XRCC1, RRM1, ERCC1.</p>2<p>3q28-29 Genes: C3ORF21, TP63.</p>3<p>5p15 Genes: TERT, CLPTM1L.</p>4<p>6p21 Genes: BAT3, MSH5.</p>5<p>15q25 Genes: CHRNA3, CHRNA4, CHRNA5.</p>6<p>DNA Repair Genes: XRCC1, RRM1, ERCC1.</p>*<p>GSEA P-values≤0.025 and FDRs≤0.25, ARTP P-values≤0.01 are marked in bold.</p

Simulation results under the OFMC and CL-AtSe back-ends.

<p>Simulation results under the OFMC and CL-AtSe back-ends.</p