On the Performance of NOMA with Hybrid ARQ

In this paper, we investigate the outage performance of hybrid automatic repeat request with chase combining (HARQ-CC) assisted downlink non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) systems. A closed-form expression of the individual outage probability and the diversity gain are obtained firstly. Based on the developed analytical outage probability, a tradeoff between the minimum number of retransmissions and the transmit power allocation coefficient is then provided for a given target rate. The provided simulation results demonstrate the accuracy of the developed analytical results. Moreover, it is shown that NOMA combined with the HARQ-CC can achieve a significant advantage when only average channel state information is known at the transmitter. Particularly, the performance of the user with less transmit power in NOMA systems can be efficiently improved by utilizing HARQ-CC

Dual-Topology Hamiltonian-Replica-Exchange Overlap Histogramming Method to Calculate Relative Free Energy Difference in Rough Energy Landscape

A novel overlap histogramming method based on Dual-Topology Hamiltonian-Replica-Exchange simulation technique is presented to efficiently calculate relative free energy difference in rough energy landscape, in which multiple conformers coexist and are separated by large energy barriers. The proposed method is based on the realization that both DT-HERM exchange efficiency and confidence of free energy determination in overlap histogramming method depend on the same criteria: neighboring states' energy derivative distribution overlap. In this paper, we demonstrate this new methodology by calculating free energy difference between amino acids: Leucine and Asparagine, which is an identified chanllenging system for free energy simulations.Comment: 14 pages with 4 figure

Evaluation on Enterprises’ Service Flexible Capability Based on Reverse Supply Chain

Due to the characteristics such as complexity and uncertainty etc., there are many difficulties during the performing of reverse supply chain. In order to effectively play the role of reverse supply chain, obtain lasting economic, ecological and social benefits, this paper introduces the concept of service flexible capability, and contributes an evaluation index system of it for enterprises. Due to fuzziness of the indicators, combined with AHP, this paper takes a real enterprise for example, evaluates the enterprises service flexible capability by fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method. According to the evaluation process and evaluation results, the enterprises service flexible capability can be mastered better

MBrain: A Multi-channel Self-Supervised Learning Framework for Brain Signals

Brain signals are important quantitative data for understanding physiological activities and diseases of human brain. Most existing studies pay attention to supervised learning methods, which, however, require high-cost clinical labels. In addition, the huge difference in the clinical patterns of brain signals measured by invasive (e.g., SEEG) and non-invasive (e.g., EEG) methods leads to the lack of a unified method. To handle the above issues, we propose to study the self-supervised learning (SSL) framework for brain signals that can be applied to pre-train either SEEG or EEG data. Intuitively, brain signals, generated by the firing of neurons, are transmitted among different connecting structures in human brain. Inspired by this, we propose MBrain to learn implicit spatial and temporal correlations between different channels (i.e., contacts of the electrode, corresponding to different brain areas) as the cornerstone for uniformly modeling different types of brain signals. Specifically, we represent the spatial correlation by a graph structure, which is built with proposed multi-channel CPC. We theoretically prove that optimizing the goal of multi-channel CPC can lead to a better predictive representation and apply the instantaneou-time-shift prediction task based on it. Then we capture the temporal correlation by designing the delayed-time-shift prediction task. Finally, replace-discriminative-learning task is proposed to preserve the characteristics of each channel. Extensive experiments of seizure detection on both EEG and SEEG large-scale real-world datasets demonstrate that our model outperforms several state-of-the-art time series SSL and unsupervised models, and has the ability to be deployed to clinical practice

‘In-line attack’ conformational effect plays a modest role in an enzyme-catalyzed RNA cleavage: a free energy simulation study

Since the proposal of ‘in-line attack’ conformation as a possibly important intermediate in RNA cleavage, its structure has been captured in various protein and RNA enzymes; these structures strengthen the belief that this conformation plays an essential role in the catalysis of RNA cleavage. As generally discussed, this intermediate structure can be involved in energy barrier reduction in two possible ways, e.g. through either conformational effect or electrostatic effect. In order to quantitatively elucidate the contribution of conformational effect in this type of enzyme catalysis, free energy simulations were performed on the RNA structures both in a splicing endonuclease complex and in the aqueous solution. Our free energy simulation results revealed that the ‘in-line attack’ conformational effect plays a modest role in facilitating the reaction rate enhancement (∼12-fold) compared with the overall 1012-fold rate increase. The close agreement between the present computational estimation and an experimental measurement on the spontaneous RNA cleavage in an in vitro evolved ATP aptamer motives us to realize that the conformation distribution of an enzyme substrate prior to rather than after its binding determines the upper bound of the rate enhancement ability through the conformational strategy

Drag-Reducing Flows in Laminar- Turbulent Transition Region

This study makes an attempt to investigate Newtonian/non-Newtonian pipe flows in a laminar-turbulent transition region, which is an extraordinarily complicated process and is not fully understood. The key characteristic of this region is its intermittent nature, i.e., the flow alternates in time between being laminar or turbulent in a certain range of Reynolds numbers. The physical nature of this intermittent flow can be aptly described with the aid of the intermittency factor c, which is defined as that fraction of time during which the flow at a given position remains turbulent. Spriggs postulated that a weighting factor can be used to calculate the friction factor, applying its values in laminar and turbulent states. Based on these, a model is developed to empirically express the mean velocity and Reynolds shear stress in the transition region. It is found that the intermittency factor can be used as a weighting factor for calculating the flow structures in the transition region. Good agreements can be achieved between the calculations and experimental data available in the literature, indicating that the present model is acceptable to express the flow characteristics in the transition region

NEW METHODS TO DETERMINE 3-D ROTATIONAL INERTIA

Due to the different stature of the various nationalities and the limitation of the sample or the divergent research methods, the results on human-body inertia parameters of occidentals are not suitable to be applied to oriental adults. In this study, the 3-D principal inertia of each segment and of the entire body of Chinese adults was determined and the mathematical models for calculating their parameters were constructed. The results from this study can aid in the development of the prosthetic limbs for invalids, and analysis of the movements of astronauts, etc. In addition, the regression equations for calculating 3-D principal inertia of human standard postures and for each segment were derived. Their reliability are tested and verified by threestring pendulum method

Targeted aspect based multimodal sentiment analysis:an attention capsule extraction and multi-head fusion network

Multimodal sentiment analysis has currently identified its significance in a variety of domains. For the purpose of sentiment analysis, different aspects of distinguishing modalities, which correspond to one target, are processed and analyzed. In this work, we propose the targeted aspect-based multimodal sentiment analysis (TABMSA) for the first time. Furthermore, an attention capsule extraction and multi-head fusion network (EF-Net) on the task of TABMSA is devised. The multi-head attention (MHA) based network and the ResNet-152 are employed to deal with texts and images, respectively. The integration of MHA and capsule network aims to capture the interaction among the multimodal inputs. In addition to the targeted aspect, the information from the context and the image is also incorporated for sentiment delivered. We evaluate the proposed model on two manually annotated datasets. the experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed model for this new task

Ginsenoside Rh2 inhibiting HCT116 colon cancer cell proliferation through blocking PDZ-binding kinase/T-LAK cell-originated protein kinase

AbstractBackgroundGinsenoside Rh2 (GRh2) is the main bioactive component in American ginseng, a commonly used herb, and its antitumor activity had been studied in previous studies. PDZ-binding kinase/T-LAK cell-originated protein kinase (PBK/TOPK), a serine/threonine protein kinase, is highly expressed in HCT116 colorectal cancer cells.MethodsWe examined the effect of GRh2 on HCT116 cells ex vivo. Next, we performed in vitro binding assay and in vitro kinase assay to search for the target of GRh2. Furthermore, we elucidated the underlying molecular mechanisms for the antitumor effect of GRh2 ex vivo and in vivo.ResultsThe results of our in vitro studies indicated that GRh2 can directly bind with PBK/TOPK and GRh2 also can directly inhibit PBK/TOPK activity. Ex vivo studies showed that GRh2 significantly induced cell death in HCT116 colorectal cancer cells. Further mechanistic study demonstrated that these compounds inhibited the phosphorylation levels of the extracellular regulated protein kinases 1/2 (ERK1/2) and (H3) in HCT116 colorectal cancer cells. In vivo studies showed GRh2 inhibited the growth of xenograft tumors of HCT116 cells and inhibited the phosphorylation levels of the extracellular regulated protein kinases 1/2 and histone H3.ConclusionThe results indicate that GRh2 exerts promising antitumor effect that is specific to human HCT116 colorectal cancer cells through inhibiting the activity of PBK/TOPK