10 research outputs found
Summary of digital transformation keywords.
This paper analyzes the impact of internationalization tactics on the value of 1107 multinational enterprises investing in the "Belt and Road" countries (regions) based on the two dimensions: entry mode and the degree of internationalization (including the breadth and depth of internationalization). It is found that the choice of sole proprietorship in the "Belt and Road" countries has a positive effect on enterprise value than joint venture. The increase of internationalization breadth and depth can promote enterprise value. Further research shows that the institutional environment of the host country and the digital transformation of enterprises significantly affect the choice of internationalization tactics and enterprise value. Specifically, the better the institutional environment of the host country and the more adequate the digital transformation of enterprises, the more inclined enterprises are to choose the sole proprietorship in the "Belt and Road" countries (regions) to obtain higher enterprise value. A good institutional environment of the host country and the digital transformation of enterprises can positively regulate the relationship between the degree of internationalization and enterprise value. these findings have important for Chinese enterprises to implement internationalization tactics rationally and scientifically, and to continuously improve enterprise value.</div
ROA, Mode, DOI, Digital, WGI, Age, DEBT, data of 1107 multinational enterprises investing in the "Belt and Road" countries.
Data from the CSMAR database on OFDI enterprises listed in China and the Ministry of Commerce’s Foreign Investment Enterprises List database to initially identify the "list of multinational enterprises engaged in OFDI and listed in China". These data were used to generate Tables 2–5. (PDF)</p
Regression analysis results.
This paper analyzes the impact of internationalization tactics on the value of 1107 multinational enterprises investing in the "Belt and Road" countries (regions) based on the two dimensions: entry mode and the degree of internationalization (including the breadth and depth of internationalization). It is found that the choice of sole proprietorship in the "Belt and Road" countries has a positive effect on enterprise value than joint venture. The increase of internationalization breadth and depth can promote enterprise value. Further research shows that the institutional environment of the host country and the digital transformation of enterprises significantly affect the choice of internationalization tactics and enterprise value. Specifically, the better the institutional environment of the host country and the more adequate the digital transformation of enterprises, the more inclined enterprises are to choose the sole proprietorship in the "Belt and Road" countries (regions) to obtain higher enterprise value. A good institutional environment of the host country and the digital transformation of enterprises can positively regulate the relationship between the degree of internationalization and enterprise value. these findings have important for Chinese enterprises to implement internationalization tactics rationally and scientifically, and to continuously improve enterprise value.</div
Correlation tests and multiple co-integration analysis of variables.
Correlation tests and multiple co-integration analysis of variables.</p
Logical framework.
This paper analyzes the impact of internationalization tactics on the value of 1107 multinational enterprises investing in the "Belt and Road" countries (regions) based on the two dimensions: entry mode and the degree of internationalization (including the breadth and depth of internationalization). It is found that the choice of sole proprietorship in the "Belt and Road" countries has a positive effect on enterprise value than joint venture. The increase of internationalization breadth and depth can promote enterprise value. Further research shows that the institutional environment of the host country and the digital transformation of enterprises significantly affect the choice of internationalization tactics and enterprise value. Specifically, the better the institutional environment of the host country and the more adequate the digital transformation of enterprises, the more inclined enterprises are to choose the sole proprietorship in the "Belt and Road" countries (regions) to obtain higher enterprise value. A good institutional environment of the host country and the digital transformation of enterprises can positively regulate the relationship between the degree of internationalization and enterprise value. these findings have important for Chinese enterprises to implement internationalization tactics rationally and scientifically, and to continuously improve enterprise value.</div
Results of descriptive statistics and group tests for variables.
Results of descriptive statistics and group tests for variables.</p
Results of regression analysis.
This paper analyzes the impact of internationalization tactics on the value of 1107 multinational enterprises investing in the "Belt and Road" countries (regions) based on the two dimensions: entry mode and the degree of internationalization (including the breadth and depth of internationalization). It is found that the choice of sole proprietorship in the "Belt and Road" countries has a positive effect on enterprise value than joint venture. The increase of internationalization breadth and depth can promote enterprise value. Further research shows that the institutional environment of the host country and the digital transformation of enterprises significantly affect the choice of internationalization tactics and enterprise value. Specifically, the better the institutional environment of the host country and the more adequate the digital transformation of enterprises, the more inclined enterprises are to choose the sole proprietorship in the "Belt and Road" countries (regions) to obtain higher enterprise value. A good institutional environment of the host country and the digital transformation of enterprises can positively regulate the relationship between the degree of internationalization and enterprise value. these findings have important for Chinese enterprises to implement internationalization tactics rationally and scientifically, and to continuously improve enterprise value.</div
Radical–Radical Cross-Coupling for C–S Bond Formation
A new
method was demonstrated to overcome the selectivity issue
of radical–radical cross-coupling toward the synthesis of asymmetric
diaryl thioethers. The preliminary mechanism was revealed by radical-trapping
experiments, DFT calculations, and kinetics, etc., indicating that
the C–S bond formed through cross-coupling of a thiyl radical
and an aryl radical cation. Moreover, the formation of an aryl radical
cation instead of the C–H bond cleavage was determined as the
rate-limiting step
Iron-Catalyzed Oxidative C–H/C–H Cross-Coupling between Electron-Rich Arenes and Alkenes
A novel
oxidative C–H/C–H cross-coupling reaction
between electron-rich arenes and alkenes is established utilizing
FeCl<sub>3</sub> as the catalyst and DDQ as the oxidant. Interestingly,
direct arylation products are obtained with diaryl-ethylenes and double
arylation products are obtained with styrene derivatives, which show
high chemoselectivity and good substrate scope. A radical trapping
experiment and EPR (electron paramagnetic resonance) experiments indicate
that this reaction proceeds through a radical pathway in which DDQ
plays a key role in the aryl radical formation. XAFS (X-ray absorption
fine structure) experiments reveal that the oxidation state of the
iron catalyst does not change during the reaction, suggesting that
FeCl<sub>3</sub> might be used as a Lewis acid. Finally, a detailed
mechanism is proposed for this transformation
Development and evaluation of novel recombinant adenovirus-based vaccine candidates for infectious bronchitis virus and <i>Mycoplasma gallisepticum</i> in chickens
<p>Avian infectious bronchitis caused by the infectious bronchitis virus (IBV), and mycoplasmosis caused by <i>Mycoplasma gallisepticum</i> (MG) are two major respiratory diseases in chickens that have resulted in severe economic losses in the poultry industry. We constructed a recombinant adenovirus that simultaneously expresses the S1 spike glycoprotein of IBV and the TM-1 protein of MG (pBH-S1-TM-1-EGFP). For comparison, we constructed two recombinant adenoviruses (pBH-S1-EGFP and pBH-TM-1-EGFP) that express either the S1 spike glycoprotein or the TM-1 protein alone. The protective efficacy of these three vaccine constructs against challenge with IBV and/or MG was evaluated in specific pathogen free chickens. Groups of seven-day-old specific pathogen free chicks were immunized twice, two weeks apart, via the oculonasal route with the pBH-S1-TM-1-EGFP, pBH-S1-EGFP, or pBH-TM-1-EGFP vaccine candidates or the commercial attenuated infectious bronchitis vaccine strain H52 and MG vaccine strain F-36 (positive controls), and challenged with virulent IBV or MG two weeks later. Interestingly, by days 7 and 14 after the booster immunization, pBH-S1-TM-1-EGFP-induced antibody titre was significantly higher (<i>P </i>< 0.01) compared to attenuated commercial IBV vaccine; however, there was no significant difference between the pBH-S1-TM-1-EGFP and attenuated commercial MG vaccine groups (<i>P </i>> 0.05). The clinical signs, the gross, and histopathological lesions scores of the adenovirus vaccine constructs were not significantly different from that of the attenuated commercial IBV or MG vaccines (positive controls) (<i>P </i>> 0.05). These results demonstrate the potential of the bivalent pBH-S1-TM-1-EGFP adenovirus construct as a combination vaccine against IB and mycoplasmosis.</p