Impact of SPS Measures Imposed by Developed Countries on China’s Tea Export-A Perspective of Differences in Standards

Sanitary and phytosanitary (SPS) measures have become the main obstacles to some China’s traditional export product like tea since China’s accession to WTO. Different from previous researches, this paper approaches the problem from the perspective of SPS gap between China and importing countries. Based on the panel data of China and its 10 developed trade partners during 1992 to 2013, it applies gravity model to quantify the effects of SPS gap both in quality (i.e use Maximum Residual Limits of fenvalerate and endosulfan as proxy) and in quantity (i.e regulated numbers of Maximum Residual Limits) between China and its partners on China's tea export, the results attribute China’s tea restricted by SPS measures to the big gaps from developed countries in maximal residual limits of pesticides and numbers of regulated pesticides

Driving Force of China's Agricultural Exports to Japan

Japan is the largest export destination for Chinese agricultural products. The export status to Japan is directly related to the overall trend of China’s agricultural exports. Based on the HS9-coded agricultural product trade data of the Japanese Ministry of Finance in 2001- 2017, using the ternary marginal analysis method, the driving force of China’s agricultural exports to Japan was analyzed in this paper from a static and dynamic perspective. The results showed that 98.89% of the driving force of China’s agricultural exports to Japan was from the contribution of quantity margin. The contribution of the extensive margin had been decreasing year by year after 2006, and it has been negative for many years. The reason was that technical barriers such as the Positive List System lead to less export of agricultural product in varieties and types. The average marginal contribution rate of price was 8.26%. The average price of exported agricultural products has been basically higher than the world average level since 2013, suggesting that the quality of exported agricultural products has been improved. While maintaining the quantity of agricultural exports, improving the quality of agricultural products, expanding export varieties and increasing export value added are the sources of sustainable growth of China’s agricultural exports in the future

Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures in China: Efficiency and Challenge: A Case Study of Swine Industry

The Sanitary and Phytosanitary (SPS) measures are technical regulations, standards, and requirements closely related to food safety, plant and animal health, and environmental safety, aiming to prevent disease, pests, pathogens and other alien risk from entering China. Pork is favorite meat for Chinese consumers; its safety directly concerns the safety of whole food supply chain with rapid increasing of port import. This paper analyzed SPS management system of swine and pork import, and evaluated SPS efficiency of swine industry in China from SPS notification number, swine health situation, and pork import standard. The study found that as for SPS notification number and chemical residue control standard, China’s SPS protection level is relatively high, while the control level of swine diseases is still low. In China, SPS management system has the problem of involving multiple authorities and poor coordination among them, leading to some standards lacking scientific basis and low enforcement

Combined Edge- and Stixel-based Object Detection in 3D Point Cloud

Environment perception is critical for feasible path planning and safe driving for autonomous vehicles. Perception devices, such as camera, LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging), IMU (Inertial Measurement Unit), etc., only provide raw sensing data with no identification of vital objects, which is insufficient for autonomous vehicles to perform safe and efficient self-driving operations. This study proposes an improved edge-oriented segmentation-based method to detect the objects from the sensed three-dimensional (3D) point cloud. The improved edge-oriented segmentation-based method consists of three main steps: First, the bounding areas of objects are identified by edge detection and stixel estimation in corresponding two-dimensional (2D) images taken by a stereo camera. Second, 3D sparse point clouds of objects are reconstructed in bounding areas. Finally, the dense point clouds of objects are segmented by matching the 3D sparse point clouds of objects with the whole scene point cloud. After comparison with the existing methods of segmentation, the experimental results demonstrate that the proposed edge-oriented segmentation method improves the precision of 3D point cloud segmentation, and that the objects can be segmented accurately. Meanwhile, the visualization of output data in advanced driving assistance systems (ADAS) can be greatly facilitated due to the decrease in computational time and the decrease in the number of points in the object’s point cloud