Fibrinogen gamma-A chain precursor in CSF: a candidate biomarker for Alzheimer's disease

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) may be valuable for exploring protein markers for the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). The prospect of early detection and treatment, to slow progression, holds hope for aging populations with increased average lifespan. The aim of the present study was to investigate candidate CSF biological markers in patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and AD and compare them with age-matched normal control subjects.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>We applied proteomics approaches to analyze CSF samples derived from 27 patients with AD, 3 subjects with MCI and 30 controls. The AD group was subdivided into three groups by clinical severity according to clinical dementia rating (CDR), a well known clinical scale for dementia.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>We demonstrated an elevated level of fibrinogen gamma-A chain precursor protein in CSF from patients with mild cognitive impairment and AD compared to the age-matched normal subjects. Moreover, its expression was more prominent in the AD group than in the MCI and correlated with disease severity and progression. In contrast, fibrinogen gamma-A chain precursor protein was detected very low in the age-matched normal group.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>These findings suggest that the CSF level of fibrinogen gamma-A chain precursor may be a candidate biomarker for AD.</p

Antioxidant effects of Dendropanax morbifera Léveille extract in the hippocampus of mercury-exposed rats

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly credited.Abstract Background Dendropanax morbifera Léveille has been employed for the treatment of infectious diseases using folk medicine. In this study, we evaluated the antioxidant effects of a leaf extract of Dendropanax morbifera Léveille in the hippocampus of mercury-exposed rats. Methods Seven-week-old Sprague–Dawley rats received a daily intraperitoneal injection of 5 μg/kg dimethylmercury and/or oral Dendropanax morbifera Léveille leaf extract (100 mg/kg) for 4 weeks. Animals were sacrificed 2 h after the last dimethylmercury and/or leaf extract treatment. Mercury levels were measured in homogenates of hippocampal tissue, a brain region that is vulnerable to mercury toxicity. In addition, we measured reactive oxygen species production, lipid peroxidation levels, and antioxidant levels in these hippocampal homogenates. Results Treatment with Dendropanax morbifera Léveille leaf extract significantly reduced mercury levels in hippocampal homogenates and attenuated the dimethylmercury-induced increase in the production of reactive oxygen species and formation of malondialdehyde. In addition, this leaf extract treatment significantly reversed the dimethylmercury-induced reduction in the hippocampal activities of Cu, Zn-superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione-S-transferase. Conclusion These results suggest that a leaf extract of Dendropanax morbifera Léveille had strong antioxidant effects in the hippocampus of mercury-exposed rats

Fibrinogen gamma-A chain precursor in CSF: a candidate biomarker for Alzheimer's disease-2

<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "Fibrinogen gamma-A chain precursor in CSF: a candidate biomarker for Alzheimer's disease"</p><p>http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2377/7/14</p><p>BMC Neurology 2007;7():14-14.</p><p>Published online 12 Jun 2007</p><p>PMCID:PMC1896177.</p><p></p>sease. The findings were confirmed on a repeat experiment

Fibrinogen gamma-A chain precursor in CSF: a candidate biomarker for Alzheimer's disease-3

<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "Fibrinogen gamma-A chain precursor in CSF: a candidate biomarker for Alzheimer's disease"</p><p>http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2377/7/14</p><p>BMC Neurology 2007;7():14-14.</p><p>Published online 12 Jun 2007</p><p>PMCID:PMC1896177.</p><p></p>yacrylamide gel electrophoresis, was then performed using 12 %T acrylamide slab gels. 2-DE gels were silver stained to visualize all proteins

Fibrinogen gamma-A chain precursor in CSF: a candidate biomarker for Alzheimer's disease-1

<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "Fibrinogen gamma-A chain precursor in CSF: a candidate biomarker for Alzheimer's disease"</p><p>http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2377/7/14</p><p>BMC Neurology 2007;7():14-14.</p><p>Published online 12 Jun 2007</p><p>PMCID:PMC1896177.</p><p></p>ified by fibrinogen gamma-A chain precursor. The identified spots had a molecular weight of about 50 kDa and a pI of 5.6

Fibrinogen gamma-A chain precursor in CSF: a candidate biomarker for Alzheimer's disease-0

<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "Fibrinogen gamma-A chain precursor in CSF: a candidate biomarker for Alzheimer's disease"</p><p>http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2377/7/14</p><p>BMC Neurology 2007;7():14-14.</p><p>Published online 12 Jun 2007</p><p>PMCID:PMC1896177.</p><p></p>yacrylamide gel electrophoresis, was then performed using 12 %T acrylamide slab gels. 2-DE gels were silver stained to visualize all proteins