Additional file 1 of GBP2 acts as a member of the interferon signalling pathway in lupus nephritis

Additional file 1: The detailed clinical information of the patient

One-Step Synthesis of Acidophilic Highly-Photoluminescent Carbon Dots Modified by Ionic Liquid from Polyethylene Glycol

Acidophilic highly-photoluminescent ionic liquid (IL)-modified carbon dots (CDs) were fabricated directly from polyethylene glycol-2000 (PEG_2000N) by a simple one-step hydrothermal method in a system containing an IL (1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide [C₄mim]­Br) and hydrochloric acid (HCl). In this process, PEG_2000N works as the carbon source, [C₄mim]Br as the modifier, and HCl as the accelerator. CDs with low photoluminescence (PL) intensity and quantum yields (QYs) were generated in the system without H⁺, but CDs with high PL intensity and QYs could be prepared after H⁺ was introduced. Moreover, with the increase of H⁺ concentration, the QYs of the prepared CDs increase subsequently, and the highest QY reaches up to 43%. The formation mechanism was explored, and the results showed that H⁺ changes the surface groups of the CDs generated without H⁺ into those that exist on the CDs generated with H⁺, which further improves the PL performance of the CDs. Different from most CDs reported in the literature, the as-prepared CDs can still exhibit high PL intensity even under strong acidic condition

Kidney tissue injury over time following 30min of bilateral renal ischenmia-reperfusion injury.

<p>C57BL/6 mice were subjected to sham or bilateral ischemia by clamping the renal pedicles for 30 min and then removing the clamps and confirming reperfusion. Mice were sacrificed at various times and kidney samples were collected. (A and B) BUN and serum creatinine were measured to determine renal function.The data shown were the means±SD. n = 6 per group. *<i>P</i> <0.05, vs sham; **<i>P</i> <0.01, vs sham(C) Photomicrograps of H & E-stained kidney sections (200×). All fields were chosen form cortex and outer medulla. Tubular damage is marked with arrows.</p

Regional location of SDF-1 in I/R kidney. (A) Immunohistochemistry staining of SDF-1 in the kidney also showed that IR-induced expression of SDF-1 was further distributed into the surrounding corticomedullary and outer medullary region compared to sham-operated mice.

<p>The kidney sections from sham-operated mice were used as control. (upper panels original magnification 200×; bottom panels 400×). (B) Quantification of SDF-1 positive area. Values are means ± SD. **<i>P</i> <0.01, vs sham.</p

Renal SDF-1 protein levels following LC treatment.

<p>Kidney homogenates from mice subjected to I/R injury and treated with LV or LC were analysed for SDF-1 protein using ELISA. LC treatment resulted in an increase of SDF-1 levels compared with the concentration found in homogenates from LV-treated animals that reached statistical significance (n  =  4-6 per group, **<i>P</i> <0.01). Animals were sacrificed 24 h following ischaemia.</p

DataSheet_1_Effects of semi-deep water irrigation on hybrid indica rice lodging resistance.docx

Recently, rice-aquatic animal integrated farming (RAAIF) has grown rapidly in China due to its favorable benefits and the lower application of pesticides and fertilizers. However, rice lodging occurs frequently under RAAIF, which restricts rice yield. We assumed that semi-deep water irrigation may cause weaker rice-lodging resistance since it is the most significant environmental factor for RAAIF that distinguishes it from rice monoculture. To investigate the response of rice stem lodging resistance to semi-deep water irrigation and its mechanism, three irrigation management modes, namely the typical high-yield irrigation model that is mainly based on swallow and wetting (CK), semi-deep water irrigation from the late tillering stage to the jointing stage (SDI1), and semi-deep water irrigation from the jointing stage to the middle grain-filling stage (SDI2), were conducted using three hybrid indica rice varieties: Shenliangyou136 (SLY136), Huiliangyousimiao (HLYSM), and Wanxiangyou982 (WXY982). Mechanics analysis indicated that the bending moment by the whole plant (WP) and the breaking strength (M) were both decreased by semi-deep water irrigation when compared with CK, while M presented a larger decreasing amplitude than WP, which induced the increased lodging index (LI) of rice, for all the tested varieties. SLY136 and HLYSM were affected more strongly by SDI1, whereas WXY982 was affected more strongly by SDI2. Significant weaker breaking force under two semi-deep water irrigation modes contributed to the decreased M relative to CK. Morphology results showed that semi-deep water irrigation reduced the thickness of mechanical tissues, sclerenchyma cells, and parenchyma cells; reduced the number of vascular bundles; and caused a looser arrangement, inducing the lower fullness of the rice basal internode. Decreased accumulation of lignin and cellulose was also linked to the weaker breaking force of the basal internode under semi-deep water irrigation, which was verified by correlation analysis. WXY982 had obvious lower structural carbohydrates content under semi-deep water irrigation than the other two varieties and thus showed worse breaking force and LI. In conclusion, the worse mechanical strength of the rice basal internode under semi-deep water irrigation was closely associated with weaker vascular bundle development and suppressed structural carbohydrate accumulation, and the decreasing degree of lodging resistance varied between rice varieties and semi-deep water irrigation periods.</p

Tubular injury is attenuated in LC-treated mice (A) Histology of mice shows increased tubular injury in the LV+I/R group compared with LC+I/R. (200×).

<p>Tubular damage is marked with arrows.(B) Semiquantitative analysis of tubular damage in LC-treated and LV-treated kidney at 24h after reperfusion. Values are means ± SD; n = 6 per group. *<i>P</i> <0.05, vs I/R+LV. (C) Serum creatinine values are shown 24hours after I/R±macrophage infusion. **<i>P</i> <0.01, vs I/R+LV.</p

Proinflammatory macrophages accumulation following I/R.

<p>Photographs depicting macrophage in LV and LC treated mice exposed to sham operation or I/R. (arrows, 400×).</p

SDF-1 protein levels after ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury.

<p>(A)Levels of SDF-1 were determined by ELISA using whole-kidney homogenates obtained from sham-operated animals or animals sacrificed at Day 1, 3 or 7 following ischaemia. The amount of SDF-1 at Day 1 was significantly higher compared with that found in sham-operated mice, and with still significantly elevated levels at day 3. Values are means ± SD; n = 6 per group. **<i>P</i> <0.01, vs sham; *<i>P</i> <0.05, vs sham. (B) SDF-1 mRNA levels after ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury. Real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) quantification of SDF-1 mRNA showed a significant increase at day 1 after ischemia. Values are means ± SD; n = 6 per group. *<i>P</i> <0.05, vs sham.</p

Valley Carrier Dynamics in Monolayer Molybdenum Disulfide from Helicity-Resolved Ultrafast Pump–Probe Spectroscopy

We investigate the valley-related carrier dynamics in monolayer molybdenum disulfide using helicity-resolved nondegenerate ultrafast pump–probe spectroscopy at the vicinity of the high-symmetry K point under the temperature down to 78 K. Monolayer molybdenum disulfide shows remarkable transient reflection signals, in stark contrast to bilayer and bulk molybdenum disulfide due to the enhancement of many-body effect at reduced dimensionality. The helicity-resolved ultrafast time-resolved result shows that the valley polarization is preserved for only several picoseconds before the scattering process makes it undistinguishable. We suggest that the dynamical degradation of valley polarization is attributable primarily to the exciton trapping by defect states in the exfoliated molybdenum disulfide samples. Our experiment and a tight-binding model analysis also show that the perfect valley circular dichroism selectivity is fairly robust against disorder at the K point but quickly decays from the high-symmetry point in the momentum space in the presence of disorder