DataSheet_1_Local earthquake seismic tomography of the Southernmost Mariana subduction zone.docx

We employed seismic tomography to examine the velocity structure of the upper mantle in the Southernmost Mariana subduction zone. Our study focuses on data collected during a six-month experiment from 15 December 2016 to 12 June 2017, using 11 ocean bottom seismometers. By examining over 3700 local arrival times, we are able to determine the three-dimensional Vp and Vs structure. The subducting slab in this region displays a P- and S-wave velocity 2~6% higher than normal mantle and a lower Vp/Vs, with an average dip of 45° at depths ranging from 50 to 100 km. Additionally, our velocity images also shed new lights to the velocity anomalies of the mantle wedge region on top of the subducting slab, from the trench to the remnant arc. We observed slower velocity anomalies in the mantle wedge beneath the Southwest Mariana Rift, the West Mariana Ridge, and the forearc. In the outer forearc, a low-velocity anomaly is observed at depths shallower than 50 km, indicating mantle serpentinization and the presence of water. Additionally, a melt production region is observed beneath the central part of the forearc block at a depth of 40–60 km suggesting the possibility of melting processes in this region.</p

On the Least Squares Estimation of Multiple-Threshold-Variable Autoregressive Models

Most threshold models to-date contain a single threshold variable. However, in many empirical applications, models with multiple threshold variables may be needed and are the focus of this paper. For the sake of readability, we start with the two-threshold-variable autoregressive (2-TAR) model and study its least squares estimation (LSE). Among others, we show that the respective estimated thresholds are asymptotically independent. We propose a new method, namely the weighted Nadaraya-Watson method, to construct confidence intervals for the threshold parameters, that turns out to be, as far as we know, the only method to-date that enjoys good probability coverage, regardless of whether the threshold variables are endogenous or exogenous. Finally, we describe in some detail how our results can be extended to the K-threshold-variable autoregressive (K-TAR) model, K > 2. We assess the finite-sample performance of the LSE by simulation and present two real examples to illustrate the efficacy of our modelling.</p

Mortality medicine subgroup analysis.

<p>Mortality medicine subgroup analysis.</p

Safety of of idraparinux or idrabiotaparinux versus standard warfarin treatment.

<p>Safety of of idraparinux or idrabiotaparinux versus standard warfarin treatment.</p

Reactor performance and microbial characteristics of CANON process with step-wise increasing of C/N ratio

<p>In this study, the nitrogen removal performance and microbial characteristics of completely autotrophic nitrogen removal over nitrite (CANON) process was investigated with a step-wise increasing of C/N ratio (0.5, 1, 2 and 4) in a membrane bioreactor. The microbial distribution of aerobic ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) and anaerobic AOB (AAOB) was analysed by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). Results showed that the denitrification ratio rose up correspondingly with the increase of influent C/N, and nitrogen removal rate (NRR) reached the maximum when C/N was 1 due to the harmonious work of denitrification and CANON. However, NRR decreased when influent C/N was more than 2. The threshold C/N ratio of CANON process was 2.2; so the sewage with a high C/N ratio should be pretreated by combining with pre-oxidation of organics or anaerobic-energy-producing process. FISH results showed decreasing numbers of both AOB and AAOB with the addition of organics.</p

Efficacy of idraparinux or idrabiotaparinux versus standard warfarin treatment.

<p>Efficacy of idraparinux or idrabiotaparinux versus standard warfarin treatment.</p

Characteristics of included studies.

*<p>There were four doses of idraparinux groups (2.5 mg, 5 mg, 7.5 mg and 10 mg once weekly) and a standard warfarin treatment group in it. We included the 2.5 mg group and the warfarin group as a comparator into our data analysis because it was the routine dose of idraparinux used to treat VTE <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0078972#pone.0078972-ThePERSIST1" target="_blank">[14]</a>.</p><p>SD, standard deviation; VTE, venous thromboembolism; DVT deep venous thrombosis; PE, pulmonary embolism; s.c. subcutaneously.</p

Flow diagram of screening studies for inclusion in systematic review.

<p>Flow diagram of screening studies for inclusion in systematic review.</p

Quality assessment of included studies.

<p>DVT deep venous thrombosis; PE, pulmonary embolism. Supporting Information Legends.</p

DataSheet1_Effects of exercise based on ACSM recommendations on bone mineral density in individuals with osteoporosis: a systematic review and meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials.docx

Purpose: To analyze the effects of different exercise dose on lumbar spine and femoral neck bone mineral density (BMD) in individuals with osteoporosis (OP).Design: A systematic search was conducted in four electronic databases, namely, PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane, with the topic of the impact of exercise on BMD in individuals with OP. Randomized controlled trials comparing exercise intervention with no intervention were identified, and changes in lumbar spine and femoral neck BMD were reported and evaluated using standardized mean difference (SMD) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI). The intervention measures in the studies were evaluated and categorized as high adherence with the exercise testing and prescription recommendations for individuals with OP developed by the American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM) or low/uncertainty adherence with ACSM recommendations. A random effects model was used to conduct meta-analyses and compare the results between subgroups.Results: A total of 32 studies involving 2005 participants were included in the analyses, with 14 studies categorized as high adherence with ACSM recommendations and 18 studies categorized as low or uncertain adherence. In the analyses of lumbar spine BMD, 27 studies with 1,539 participants were included. The combined SMD for the high adherence group was 0.31, while the combined SMD for the low or uncertain adherence group was 0.04. In the analyses of femoral neck BMD, 23 studies with 1,606 participants were included. The combined SMD for the high adherence group was 0.45, while the combined SMD for the low or uncertain adherence group was 0.28. Within resistance exercise, the subgroup with high ACSM adherence had a greater impact on lumbar spine BMD compared to the subgroup with low or uncertain ACSM adherence (SMD: 0.08 > −0.04). Similarly, for femoral neck BMD, resistance exercise with high ACSM adherence had a higher SMD compared to exercise with low or uncertain ACSM adherence (SMD: 0.49 > 0.13).Conclusion: The results suggest that exercise interventions with high adherence to ACSM recommendations are more effective in improving lumbar spine and femoral neck BMD in individuals with OP compared to interventions with low or uncertain adherence to ACSM recommendations.Systematic Review Registration: PROSPERO, identifier CRD42023427009</p