唾液腺ト過敏症トノ關係

<p>Photographs of a separable cluster electrode (Octopus^®, STARmed) composed of three internally-cooled electrodes that can be incorporated as (A) one cluster electrode with a large shaft, or separated as (B) three individual applicators with small handles.</p

Comparison of switching bipolar ablation with multiple cooled wet electrodes and switching monopolar ablation with separable clustered electrode in treatment of small hepatocellular carcinoma: A randomized controlled trial

<div><p>Objective</p><p>A randomized controlled trial was conducted to prospectively compare the therapeutic effectiveness of switching bipolar (SB) radiofrequency ablation (RFA) using cooled-wet electrodes and switching monopolar (SM) RFA using separable clustered (SC) electrodes in patients with hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs).</p><p>Materials and methods</p><p>This prospective study was approved by our Institutional Review Board. Between April 2014 and January 2015, sixty-nine patients with 74 HCCs were randomly treated with RFA using either internally cooled-wet (ICW) electrodes in SB mode (SB-RFA, n = 36) or SC electrodes in SM mode (SM-RFA, n = 38). Technical parameters including the number of ablations, ablation time, volume, energy delivery, and complications were evaluated. Thereafter, 1-year and 2-year local tumor progression (LTP) free survival rates were compared between the two groups using the Kaplan-Meier method.</p><p>Results</p><p>In the SB-RFA group, less number of ablations were required (1.72±0.70 vs. 2.31±1.37, <i>P</i> = 0.039), the ablation time was shorter (10.9±3.9 vs.14.3±5.0 min, <i>p</i> = 0.004), and energy delivery was smaller (13.1±6.3 vs.23.4±12.8 kcal, <i>p</i><0.001) compared to SM-RFA. Ablation volume was not significantly different between SB-RFA and SM-RFA groups (61.8±24.3 vs.54.9±23.7 cm³, <i>p</i> = 0.229). Technical failure occurred in one patient in the SM-RFA group, and major complications occurred in one patient in each group. The 1-year and 2-year LTP free survival rates were 93.9% and 84.3% in the SB-RFA group and 94.4% and 88.4% in the SM-RFA group (<i>p</i> = 0.687).</p><p>Conclusion</p><p>Both SB-RFA using ICW electrodes and SM-RFA using SC electrodes provided comparable LTP free survival rates although SB-RFA required less ablations and shorter ablation time.</p></div

Cumulative intrahepatic distant metastasis after RFA.

<p>Cumulative intrahepatic distant metastasis after RFA.</p

HCC in a 62-year-old man.

<p>(A) Axial MR images during arterial phase, portal phase and hepatobiliary phase after administration of gadoxetic acid show a 2.6 cm HCC with definitive arterial hypervascularization, venous washout, and hepatobiliary phase hypoenhancement. (B) Real-time US/MRI fusion image before ablation shows a slightly hyperechoic HCC on US image with virtual tumor margin and two electrodes (arrows) placed in the tumor and in the peritumoral area, respectively. (C) PostRFA US/MRI fusion image demonstrates that the virtual tumor margin suggesting the tumor location is covered by hyperechoic ablation zone with sufficient peritumoral margins. (D) Axial (left) and Coronal (right) immediate post-RFA CT images show complete ablation of the target tumor with sufficient peritumoral margins.</p

Elevated serum gamma-glutamyltransferase is associated with an increased risk of oesophageal carcinoma in a cohort of 8,388,256 Korean subjects

<div><p>Gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) is a marker for hepatic injury and alcohol consumption. However, the association of GGT with the risk of oesophageal carcinoma (OC) has not been fully recognized to date. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the association between elevated GGT and OC, by also considering the body mass index (BMI) of the subjects. Clinical data from 8,388,256 Korean individuals, who were aged 40 years and over and who received healthcare check-ups arranged by the national insurance program in 2007 and 2008, were analysed. Newly diagnosed OC was identified using claims data during a median follow-up duration of 8.72 years. During the study period, 6,863 individuals (0.08%) developed OC. We found that there was an increased risk of OC in subjects with serum GGT values >18 IU/L. Furthermore, a BMI <18.5 kg/m² (underweight) was associated with increased OC risk, while a BMI ≥23.0 kg/m² was associated with a reduced OC risk. Individuals who were both underweight and in the highest GGT quartile (≥40 IU/L) had a far greater risk of OC compared to other individuals (hazard ratio: 3.65, 95% confidence interval: 3.10–4.30). In conclusion, increased serum GGT was associated with an increased risk of developing OC in the general Korean population, regardless of age, sex, smoker status, or alcohol consumption.</p></div

Comparison of RFA variables and technique efficacy between SB-RFA and SM-RFA groups.

<p>Comparison of RFA variables and technique efficacy between SB-RFA and SM-RFA groups.</p

Photograph of an internally cooled wet electrode with two tiny (0.02 mm) side holes in the active tip.

<p>Photograph of an internally cooled wet electrode with two tiny (0.02 mm) side holes in the active tip.</p

Local tumor progression in 71 HCCs after successful RFA.

<p>Local tumor progression in 71 HCCs after successful RFA.</p

Baseline characteristics of 69 patients with HCCs treated with radiofrequency ablation.

<p>Baseline characteristics of 69 patients with HCCs treated with radiofrequency ablation.</p

Demographics of the study enrolees.

<p>Demographics of the study enrolees.</p