Academic Experience, Overseas Experience and Chinese Scholars’ Propensity Towards International Collaboration

Taking the Chinese inland scholars’ co-authorships in the 10 leading international academic journals in the field of technological innovation management from 1990 to 2016 as the sample, the article empirically investigates factors which influence Chinese inland scholars’ propensity towards international collaboration with Logistic regression model. The empirical results show that Chinese inland scholars who have overseas education background show higher propensity towards international collaboration. However, both the overseas academic exchange experience and academic experience have no significant impacts on the propensity towards international collaboration. Keywords: Propensity towards international collaboration; Academic experience; Overseas experienc

Diaqua­bis­(5-carb­oxy-2-propyl-1H-imidazole-4-carboxyl­ato-κ2 N 3,O 4)manganese(II) 3.5-hydrate

In the title complex, [Mn(C8H9N2O4)2(H2O)2]·3.5H2O, the MnII cation is six-coordinated by two N,O-bidentate H2pimda− ligands (H2pimda− = 5-carb­oxy-2-propyl-1H-imidazole-4-carboxyl­ate) and two water mol­ecules in a distorted octa­hedral environment. The complete solid-state structure can be described as a three-dimensional supra­molecular framework stabilized by a wide range of O—H⋯O and N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds. The propyl groups of H2pimda− are disordered over two sets of sites with refined occupancies of 0.759 (5):0.241 (5) and 0.545 (7):0.455 (7)

Methyl (1H-pyrrol-2-ylcarbonyl­amino)acetate

In the crystal structure of the title compound, C8H10N2O3, mol­ecules are linked by N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds, forming ribbons of centrosymmetric dimers extending along the c axis

Diaqua­bis­(5-carb­oxy-2-propyl-1H-imidazole-4-carboxyl­ato-κ2 N 3,O 4)cadmium(II) 3.5-hydrate

In the title complex, [Cd(C8H9N2O4)2(H2O)2]·3.5H2O, the CdII is coordinated by two water mol­ecules and N,O-chelated by two 5-carb­oxy-2-propyl-1H-imidazole-4-carboxyl­ate anions in a distorted octa­hedral geometry. The two imidazole rings are oriented to each other with a dihedral angle of 75.1 (2)°. Strong O—H⋯O hydrogen bonds between protonated and deprotonated carboxyl­ate groups occur in the mol­ecular structure. In the crystal structure extensive O—H⋯O and N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds help to stabilize the three-dimensional supra­molecular framework. The propyl groups of anions are disordered over two sites with refined occupancies of 0.768 (6):0.232 (6) and 0.642 (8):0.358 (8)

Diaqua­bis(5-carb­oxy-2-propyl-1H-imidazole-4-carboxyl­ato-κ2 N 3,O 4)nickel(II) N,N-dimethyl­formamide disolvate

In the title complex, [Ni(C8H9N2O4)2(H2O)2]·2C3H7NO, the NiII atom is six-coordinated by two N,O-bidentate 5-carb­oxy-2-propyl-1H-imidazole-4-carboxyl­ate ligands and two water mol­ecules in a distorted octa­hedral environment. The methyl C and H atoms of the two ligands are disordered over two sets of sites in 0.74 (2):0.26 (2) and 0.57 (8):0.43 (8) ratios. A supra­molecular network is stabilized by intra- and inter­molecular N—H⋯O and O—H⋯O hydrogen bonds involving the ligands, coordinated water mol­ecules and dimethyl­formamide solvent mol­ecules

Analysis of interspecies adherence of oral bacteria using a membrane binding assay coupled with polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis profiling.

Information on co-adherence of different oral bacterial species is important for understanding interspecies interactions within oral microbial community. Current knowledge on this topic is heavily based on pariwise coaggregation of known, cultivable species. In this study, we employed a membrane binding assay coupled with polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE) to systematically analyze the co-adherence profiles of oral bacterial species, and achieved a more profound knowledge beyond pairwise coaggregation. Two oral bacterial species were selected to serve as "bait": Fusobacterium nucleatum (F. nucleatum) whose ability to adhere to a multitude of oral bacterial species has been extensively studied for pairwise interactions and Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) whose interacting partners are largely unknown. To enable screening of interacting partner species within bacterial mixtures, cells of the "bait" oral bacterium were immobilized on nitrocellulose membranes which were washed and blocked to prevent unspecific binding. The "prey" bacterial mixtures (including known species or natural saliva samples) were added, unbound cells were washed off after the incubation period and the remaining cells were eluted using 0.2 mol x L(-1) glycine. Genomic DNA was extracted, subjected to 16S rRNA PCR amplification and separation of the resulting PCR products by DGGE. Selected bands were recovered from the gel, sequenced and identified via Nucleotide BLAST searches against different databases. While few bacterial species bound to S. mutans, consistent with previous findings F. nucleatum adhered to a variety of bacterial species including uncultivable and uncharacterized ones. This new approach can more effectively analyze the co-adherence profiles of oral bacteria, and could facilitate the systematic study of interbacterial binding of oral microbial species

Penta­aqua­(1H-benzimidazole-5,6-dicarboxyl­ato-κN 3)nickel(II) penta­hydrate

In the title mononuclear complex, [Ni(C9H4N2O4)(H2O)5]·5H2O, the NiII atom is six-coordinated by one N atom from a 1H-benzimidazole-5,6-dicarboxyl­ate ligand and by five O atoms from five water mol­ecules and displays a distorted octa­hedral geometry. Inter­molecular O—H⋯O hydrogen-bonding inter­actions among the coordinated water mol­ecules, solvent water mol­ecules and carboxyl O atoms of the organic ligand and additional N—H⋯O hydrogen bonding lead to the formation of a three-dimensional supra­molecular network

Diaqua­bis­(5-carb­oxy-2-propyl-1H-imidazole-4-carboxyl­ato-κ2 N 3,O 4)nickel(II) tetra­hydrate

In the title complex, [Ni(C8H9N2O4)2(H2O)2]·4H2O, the NiII ion is coordinated in a slightly distorted octa­hedral environment formed by two bis-chelating H2pimda (H3pimda is 2-propyl-1H-4,5-dicarb­oxy­lic acid) ligands and two coordinated water mol­ecules. In the crystal structure, a three-dimensional framework is formed by inter­molecular O—H⋯O and N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds involving the solvent water mol­ecules, coordinated water mol­ecules, carboxyl­ate O atoms and the protonated N atoms of the H2pimda ligands. The propyl groups of each H2pimda ligand are disordered over two sets of sites with refined occupancies of 0.50 (2):0.50 (2) and 0.762 (11):0.238 (11). In one water solvent mol­ecule, one of the H atoms was refined as disordered over two sites of equal occupancy