逆浸透および浸透気化による有機溶媒分離のための高性能オルガノシリカ膜

内容の要約広島大学(Hiroshima University)博士(工学)Doctor of Engineeringdoctora

Palladium Supported on Porous Organic Polymer as Heterogeneous and Recyclable Catalyst for Cross Coupling Reaction

Palladium immobilized on an amide and ether functionalized porous organic polymer (Pd@AEPOP) is reported to be an effective heterogeneous catalyst for the Heck cross-coupling reaction of aryl iodides with styrene for the synthesis of diphenylethene derivatives. Excellent yields can be obtained using a 0.8 mol% Pd catalyst loading under the optimized reaction condition. The heterogeneous Pd@AEPOP catalyst can also be applied on the Suzuki reaction and the reduction of nitroarene

Graphene Oxide Nanosheets Based Novel Facilitated Transport Membranes for Efficient CO2 Capture

A novel fixed carrier composite membrane was prepared via interfacial polymerization by using graphene oxide nanosheets (GO), hyperbranched polyethylenimine (HPEI), and trimesoyl chloride (TMC) coating on a polysulfone membrane. The interfacial polymerization was confirmed with SEM, TEM,. ATR-FTIR, XPS, I)SC; and water contact angle. Further gas separation tests with CO2/N-2 (10:90 v:v) mixed gas confirmed that the addition of GO could significantly improve the CO2 permeance and CO2/N-2 selectivity. The highest CO2 permeance in this work was 9.7 GPU, while the selectivity was over 80. A further gas separation test under different feed gas humidity confirmed the facilitated transport was the main mechanism of gas separation through the membrane, while the addition of GO into the membrane exhibited a synergistic effect with the gas carriers: the surface defects acted as molecule sieves, and the interlayer fixed flow channels ensured a high water content microenvironment to improve the reactivity between CO2 and amino based carriers. Besides, superior stability of the composite membrane was also testified

Liver-stomach disharmony pattern: theoretical basis, identification and treatment

The pattern of disharmony between the liver and stomach is widely observed in patients with digestive diseases, such as gastroesophageal reflux disease, chronic gastritis, and functional dyspepsia, etc. In order to gain a full and systematic understanding of this pattern, we reviewed the functions and physiological characteristics of the liver and stomach and the liver–stomach relationship. In this review, we discuss the pathogenesis and identification of the pattern, as well as the commonly used classical formulas for its treatment, including Left Metal Pill (Zuojin Wan) and Bupleurum Liver-Soothing Powder (Chaihu Shugan San). Besides, we provide two examples of clinical modifications of these formulas in the treatment of chronic gastritis and gastroesophageal reflux disease in this article. It should be noted that in clinical practice, these formulas should be used flexibly, and modified in accordance to the specific condition of the patient

Progress in design of halloysite nanotubes-polymer nanocomposite membranes and their applications

Driven by the diverse functionalization of halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) and advanced membrane preparation technologies, a tremendous progress in HNTs-polymer nanocomposite membranes has been made during the last dozen years. Yet even with these achievements, an elaborate and comprehensive overview on the rational design of HNTs-polymer nanocomposite membranes, their various application areas as well as the corresponding membrane performance status is still missing. Herein, we provide a timeline of the ongoing research on the advanced HNTs-polymer nanocomposite membranes and then outline the progress on: (1) versatile functionalization methods of the HNTs for the state-of-the-art HNTs-polymer nanocomposite membranes. (2) key routes to prepare and design the HNTs-polymer nanocomposite membranes, and the corresponding influences of the modified HNTs on their membrane structures and performances. (3) the overall inductive performances for specific applications in the areas of water treatment, gas treatment, energy conversion, as well as biomedicine. We envision that an insightful perspective will be timely presented in this review to stimulate the innovation in developing more advanced HNTs-polymer nanocomposite membranes, and then motivating and extending their applications

Enhanced Permeation through CO₂‑Stable Dual-Inorganic Composite Membranes with Tunable Nanoarchitectured Channels

In this work, dual-inorganic composite membranes were prepared with outstanding CO₂ separation performance by assembling the largely different aspect-ratio nanostructured materials, including the porous reduced graphene oxide (PRG) and modified halloysite nanotubes (mHNTs), into the Pebax 1657 matrix (CO₂ permeability, 124 barrer; ideal CO₂/N₂ selectivity, 118). This unique separation performance stems from the molecular sieving effect of PRG and preferable stacking behavior between PRG and mHNTs, which improves the efficiency of molecular discrimination and decreases the gas-transport resistance. In addition, the as-prepared membranes show good chemical stability and nearly 500% improvement in CO₂ permeability with wet CO₂/N₂ gas mixture (1/9, v/v). It is also found that the transition of membrane morphology occurs from the PRG-rich nanoarchitecture to mHNTs-rich nanoarchitecture at the mHNTs to PRG mass ratio of 7.5, resulting in an opposite tendency for the CO₂/N₂ ideal selectivity. Moreover, the as-prepared membranes show great advantage in comparison to the conventional polymeric membranes for carbon capture because of the excellent compaction- and plasticization-resistant behavior

Three-Dimensional Reconstruction of Computed Tomography Imaging Is Not Reliable in Assessing Acetabular Rim Osteophytes or Acetabular Rim Pathology in Patients With Femoroacetabular Impingement

Purpose: To determine the reliability of 3-dimensional (3D) reconstruction of computed tomography (CT) imaging in evaluating acetabular rim morphology or acetabular rim osteophyte (ARO) existence and to group patients with femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) by ARO extent on coronal sections of CT and further compare clinical differences among groups. Methods: Patients who underwent primary hip arthroscopy for FAI by the same surgeon between August 2016 and December 2018 with minimum 2-year follow-up were enrolled. The ARO was evaluated both on the acetabular gross anatomy (AGA) and coronal sections of CT, for its position, width (unit: mm), area (unit: mm2), and CT value (unit: HU). Patients were divided into 4 groups based on the extent of ARO on coronal CT: group A (ARO anterior to 12 o’clock), group P (ARO posterior to 12 o’clock), group AP (ARO across 12 o’clock), and group N (no ARO). Inter- and intraobserver correlation was analyzed. Demographic data, FAI deformity indicators on imaging, quantitative measurements of ARO, and pre- and postoperative patient-reported outcomes were compared among groups. Results: There were 229 patients (229 hips) enrolled in total, 122 male (53.3%) and 107 female (46.7%), with a mean age of 37.2 ± 10.2 years. The correlation between 2 observers for grouping ARO using AGA was positive but poor (Kendall Tau-b coefficient = 0.157, P = .008). Moderate correlation was found between grouping based on AGA and coronal CT by the same observer (Kendall Tau-b coefficient = 0.482, P = .000). The patients were divided into 4 groups: 84 patients (36.7%) in group N, 2 patients (0.9%) in group A, 69 patients (30.1%) in group P, and 74 patients (32.3%) in group AP. Group N was younger in age (35.4 ± 10.7 years) than group P (39.6 ± 10.2 years) (P = 0.012) and had a larger proportion of women (57.1%) than group AP (36.5%) (χ2 = 6.869, P = .032). There was a greater proportion of positive posterior wall sign in group P (52.2%) than 48.6% for group AP and 33.3% for group N (χ2 = 6.397, P = .041). Group N had 61 (72.6%) Tönnis grade 0 hips compared with 37 (50%) in group AP (P = .014). No statistical significance was found among groups in pre- and postoperative α angle, lateral center-edge angle, and patient-reported outcomes. The widths of ARO in group AP for the 3 marked points from anterior to posterior were 3.88 ± 1.86, 4.84 ± 2.72, and 6.66 ± 3.18, separately (P＜.001); 15.73 ± 21.46, 19.22 ± 18.86, and 29.96 ± 17.05 for area (P＜.01); and 652.67 ± 214.12, 677.10 ± 274.81, and 728.84 ± 232.39 for CT value (P＜.05). For the ARO posterior to 12 o’clock, the group AP showed a larger width (6.66 ± 3.18), area (29.96 ± 17.05), and CT value (728.84 ± 232.39) than group P of (4.70 ± 2.25), (20.15 ± 12.91), and (641.84 ± 183.33) (P＜.001). Conclusions: The evaluation of ARO on AGA is poor consistent with definite double-rim sign on coronal CT. There is a tendency of size-enlarging and density-increasing for ARO from anterior to posterior along the acetabular rim. Younger age, female gender, lower Tönnis grade, and negative posterior wall sign showed lower rate of ARO development. Level of Evidence: Level IV, diagnostic case series

Characterization of Two Neutralizing Antibodies against Rift Valley Fever Virus Gn Protein

The Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) is an arthropod-borne virus that can not only cause severe disease in domestic animals but also in humans. However, the licensed vaccines or available therapeutics for humans do not exist. Here, we report two Gn-specific neutralizing antibodies (NAbs), isolated from a rhesus monkey immunized with recombinant human adenoviruses type 4 expressing Rift Valley fever virus Gn and Gc protein (rHAdV4-GnGcopt). The two NAbs were both able to protect host cells from RVFV infection. The interactions between NAbs and Gn were then characterized to demonstrate that these two NAbs might preclude RVFV glycoprotein rearrangement, hindering the exposure of fusion loops in Gc to endosomal membranes after the virus invades the host cell. The target region for the two NAbs is located in the Gn domain III, implying that Gn is a desired target for developing vaccines and neutralizing antibodies against RVFV