The mineralogical composition of calcium and calcium-magnesium carbonate pedofeatures of calcareous soils in the European prairie ecodivision in Hungary

Abstract There is little data on the mineralogy of carbonate pedofeatures in the calcareous soils in Hungary which belong to the European prairie ecodivision. The aim of the present study is to enrich these data. The mineralogical composition of the carbonate pedofeatures from characteristic profiles of the calcareous soils in Hungary was studied by X-ray diffractometry, thermal analysis, SEM combined with microanalysis, and stable isotope determination. Regarding carbonate minerals only aragonite, calcite (+ magnesian calcite) and dolomite (+proto-dolomite) were identified in carbonate grains, skeletons and pedofeatures. The values relating, respectively, to stable isotope compositions (C13, O18) of carbonates in chernozems and in salt-affected soils were in the same range as those for recent soils (latter data reported earlier). There were no considerable differences between the values for the carbonate nodules and tubules from the same horizons, nor were there significant variations between the values of the same pedofeatures from different horizons (BC-C) of the same profile. Thus it can be assumed that there were no considerable changes in conditions of formation. Tendencies were recognized in the changes of (i) carbonate mineral associations, (ii) the MgCO3 content of calcites, (iii) the corrected decomposition temperatures, and (iv) the activation energies of carbonate thermal decompositions among the various substance-regimes of soils. Differences were found in substance-regimes types of soils rather than in soil types

Biogeochemistry of trace elements

International audienc

Movimentação de partículas de calcário no perfil de um Cambissolo em plantio direto Movement of lime particles in the profile of an Inceptisol under no-tillage

A aplicação superficial de calcário tem-se mostrado eficiente na correção da acidez do solo no sistema plantio direto. Ao contrário do esperado, os efeitos da aplicação de calcário têm ocorrido em profundidade e em períodos de tempo relativamente curtos, apesar da sua baixa solubilidade no solo. Os objetivos deste trabalho foram: (a) detectar a presença dos minerais calcita e dolomita do calcário no solo; (b) verificar as alterações químicas relacionadas com a acidez no perfil do solo, decorrentes da aplicação de calcário na superfície, e (c) verificar a movimentação de partículas de calcário e a sua participação na correção da acidez do solo no sistema plantio direto. Foi realizado um experimento em casa de vegetação, utilizando colunas de PVC com amostras indeformadas de um Cambissolo Húmico alumínico léptico argiloso, manejado há cinco anos em sistema plantio direto. A dose de calcário comercial (PRNT 76 %) aplicada no topo da coluna correspondeu a 12 Mg ha-1. Aos sete dias da aplicação do calcário, já foi possível verificar o transporte de partículas finas (< 0,105 mm) do calcário aplicado na superfície do solo até à profundidade de 20 cm, visto que foram detectados os minerais calcita e dolomita nesta profundidade. Os efeitos nos atributos químicos do solo, decorrentes da aplicação de calcário na superfície, ocorreram em todo o perfil, sendo mais expressivos até 10 cm e aos 20 cm de profundidade, onde houve acúmulo de calcário. O transporte de calcário através da água da chuva pode ser um mecanismo importante na correção da acidez do solo em profundidade no sistema plantio direto.<br>Surface lime application has shown to be efficient for correcting soil acidity in no-tillage systems. Contrary to the expected, this effect has occurred in deeper soil layers and in a relatively short time, in spite of the low solubility of liming materials. The objectives of this research were: (a) to detect the presence of calcite and dolomite minerals originated from lime in the soil; (b) to verify chemical alterations related to soil acidity in the soil profile due to surface lime application, and (c) to verify the movement of lime particles and its effects in correcting the soil acidity in no-tillage system. A greenhouse experiment was conducted with undisturbed columns of an Inceptisol (Haplumbrept), which has been under no-tillage for five years. A commercial lime rate of 12 Mg ha-1 was applied on top of the columns. Seven days after the application of lime it was possible to verify a transfer of fine lime particles (< 0.105 mm) from the soil surface down to 20 cm soil depth as substantiated by the presence of calcite and dolomite minerals at this depth. The effects of surface lime application on chemical soil attributes were observed throughout the soil profile, but were more evident up to 10 cm and also at a depth of 20 cm, where there was accumulation of lime. The movement of lime particles with rain water may be an important mechanism of correction of soil subsurface soil acidity in no-tillage systems