Time Transfers by Age and Gender in 28 Countries

Transfers of services that are produced through unpaid care work (such as cooking, cleaning, shopping, household maintenance, and direct care) sustain our societies. Yet they differ considerably between genders and across countries. This visualization highlights the cross-country differences in giving and receiving unpaid household services (time transfers) by gender and age for 28 countries. It demonstrates how much more unpaid care work is done by women compared with men across the lifecycle in all countries. The visualization also shows that the highest amount of time transfers is received by the youngest generations.Peer Reviewe

Gender and the total work of older workers in Asia

In Asia, aging countries with slow population growth worry about a lack of workers in the future and see older people's labor as a potential solution. However, this leaves out the work that many older people already do-unpaid care work. Drawing on data from Bangladesh, India, Mongolia, and Thailand, the estimates in this paper show that older people, especially older women, are doing a great deal of work caring for others. In this case, policies that aim to increase overall market labor force effort by increasing the market labor of older people may underachieve their goals if they do not account for the older people's unpaid care work responsibilities. Finally, we use the estimates of the older people's unpaid care work to think about investments in the paid care economy that might be needed to replace unpaid care work of the older people if they increase labor market effort but not total work. These simple calculations indicate that the scale of investment required is manageable.

Mexico's ageing future : turning points and policy options; a look towards 2040 and beyond

The size of working age groups will peak in 2031 for ages 20-39 and in 2051 for ages 40-59. In the short term, population ageing favors Argentine productivity, and the fiscal support ratio is projected to grow until 2033 with a projected peak in 2018. This ratio indicates a potential “demographic dividend” – surplus generated by the economy that, if invested in health, education, and infrastructure, can move the economy to a path of higher production and living standards. Policy options for a declining workforce include: delaying retirement to maintain productivity; closing the gender gap; and increasing taxes to maintain fiscal balance

Costa Rica's ageing future : turning points and policy options; a look towards 2040 and beyond

The size of the working age groups will peak in 2022 for ages 20-39 and in 2042 for ages 40-59. The fiscal support ratio drops steadily after 2024. This is the ratio of taxpayers to beneficiaries. The age structure of the population favored taxpayers over beneficiaries most strongly in 2012. Some policy options to deal with a declining workforce are: delaying retirement to maintain productivity; closing the gender gap to maintain productivity; and increasing taxes to maintain fiscal balance

Colombia's ageing future : turning points and policy options; a look towards 2040 and beyond

The size of the working age groups will peak in 2033 for ages 20-39 and in 2056 for ages 40-59. The fiscal support ratio drops steadily after 2024. This is the ratio of producers to consumers and an indicator of a potential “demographic dividend” – surplus generated by the economy that, if invested in health, education, and infrastructure, can move the economy permanently to a path of higher production, consumption and living standards. Some policy options to deal with a declining workforce are: delaying retirement to maintain productivity; closing the gender gap to maintain productivity; and increasing taxes to maintain fiscal balance

Uruguay's ageing future : turning points and policy options; a look towards 2040 and beyond

The size of working age groups will peak in 2026 for ages 20-39 and in 2046 for ages 40-59. 2019 is projected to mark the end of the youth society in Uruguay as youth will no longer be the dominant demographic group. This brief suggests some policy options to deal with a declining workforce: delaying retirement to maintain productivity; closing the gender gap to maintain productivity; and increasing taxes to maintain fiscal balance

Argentina's ageing future : turning points and policy options; a look towards 2040 and beyond

The largest cohort of Argentines has already been born (around 1993). 2030 is projected to mark the end of the youth society in Argentina as youth will no longer be the dominant demographic group. Policy options for an ageing future include closing the gender gap to maintain productivity, and increasing taxes to maintain fiscal balance. The paper is written by members of the National Transfer Account Network which brings together researchers from different regions of the world. National Transfer Accounts (NTAs) is a new methodology that represents disaggregation of National Accounts by age, gender, and socioeconomic status

El envejecimiento de la población, las transferencias intergeneracionales y el crecimiento económico: América Latina en el contexto mundial

Incluye BibliografíaEn este artículo se abordan algunas de las consecuencias económicas de la transición demográfica en cinco países de América Latina que forman parte del proyecto sobre cuentas nacionales de transferencias. En este proyecto, se considera de manera integral y congruente el conjunto de transferencias intergeneracionales públicas y privadas que caracterizan a la economía generacional, lo que permite realizar comparaciones entre regiones y países. En este documento se examina la forma en que los modelos de transferencias intergeneracionales interactúan con los cambios demográficos que tienen lugar durante la transición demográfica, prestando especial atención a la fase de envejecimiento de la población