Cognitive Information Processing

Contains research objectives, summary of research and reports on four research projects.National Institutes of Health (Grant 5 PO1 GM14940-02)National Institutes of Health (Grant 5 P01 GM15006-03)Joint Services Electronics Programs (U. S. Army, U. S. Navy, and U. S. Air Force) under Contract DA 28-043-AMC-02536(E)National Institutes of Health (Grant 5 T01 GM01555-03

Impact of COVID-19 on cardiovascular testing in the United States versus the rest of the world

Objectives: This study sought to quantify and compare the decline in volumes of cardiovascular procedures between the United States and non-US institutions during the early phase of the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted the care of many non-COVID-19 illnesses. Reductions in diagnostic cardiovascular testing around the world have led to concerns over the implications of reduced testing for cardiovascular disease (CVD) morbidity and mortality. Methods: Data were submitted to the INCAPS-COVID (International Atomic Energy Agency Non-Invasive Cardiology Protocols Study of COVID-19), a multinational registry comprising 909 institutions in 108 countries (including 155 facilities in 40 U.S. states), assessing the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on volumes of diagnostic cardiovascular procedures. Data were obtained for April 2020 and compared with volumes of baseline procedures from March 2019. We compared laboratory characteristics, practices, and procedure volumes between U.S. and non-U.S. facilities and between U.S. geographic regions and identified factors associated with volume reduction in the United States. Results: Reductions in the volumes of procedures in the United States were similar to those in non-U.S. facilities (68% vs. 63%, respectively; p = 0.237), although U.S. facilities reported greater reductions in invasive coronary angiography (69% vs. 53%, respectively; p < 0.001). Significantly more U.S. facilities reported increased use of telehealth and patient screening measures than non-U.S. facilities, such as temperature checks, symptom screenings, and COVID-19 testing. Reductions in volumes of procedures differed between U.S. regions, with larger declines observed in the Northeast (76%) and Midwest (74%) than in the South (62%) and West (44%). Prevalence of COVID-19, staff redeployments, outpatient centers, and urban centers were associated with greater reductions in volume in U.S. facilities in a multivariable analysis. Conclusions: We observed marked reductions in U.S. cardiovascular testing in the early phase of the pandemic and significant variability between U.S. regions. The association between reductions of volumes and COVID-19 prevalence in the United States highlighted the need for proactive efforts to maintain access to cardiovascular testing in areas most affected by outbreaks of COVID-19 infection

TRINET Inc: Large Establishment Database

Provides longitudinal data on over 800,000 U.S. establishments owned by public firms, private firms and foreign subsidiaries in all U.S. four-digit SIC industries, alternate years, 1979-89. It covers over 80 percent of all establishments in the United States and over 95 percent of establishments owned by public companies. Each establishment is assigned an individual identification number. The record for each establishment includes the parent company identification number, four-digit SIC code, number of employees, dollar value of sales, and its address and telephone number. Data due to Donald Hatfield. See Donald E. Hatfield, Julia Porter Liebeskind and Tim C. Opler, "The Effects of Corporate Restructuring on Aggregate Industry Specialization", Strategic Management Journal, Vol. 17, No. 1 (January 1996), 55-72

Coordination Chemistry of New Sulfur Containing Ligands -- 21. Selected Transition Element Complexes of Pyrrole-n-carbothioate: A New Type of Monothiocarbamate Ligand

Two new monothiocarbamate ligands have been prepared and their coordination chemistry has been investigated. Potassium pyrrole-N-carbothioate, prepared from potassium pyrrolate and COS, is a white, air sensitive solid which reacts with NiBr2 and PdBr2 to yield 2:1 ligand to metal compounds. The Ni compound has been characterized by IR spectroscopic studies as well as a detailed magnetic study. Results show that the Ni(II) compound is a dimer with one paramagnetic and one diamagnetic Ni center. The magnetic moment is 2.53 ± 0.05 B.M. per Ni atom in the range 9.7–66.6 K. The Pd compound of the pyrrole-N-carbothioate ligand is apparently monomeric and four-coordinate. This is the first example of a simple bis-bidentate monothiocarbamate complex of Pd(II). The structure and bonding in these new compounds is discussed in terms of the resonance structures of the ligands. Potassium indoline-N-carbothioate reacts with CuBr2 to yield the disulfide, bis(indolinecarbomoyl)disulfide and copper(I)

Behavioral implications of absorptive capacity: The role of technological effort and technological capability in leveraging alliance network technological resources

This paper focuses on the moderating role of a firm\u27s absorptive capacity in realizing innovation benefits from the firm\u27s alliance network technological resources. We conceptualize absorptive capacity along two dimensions—technological effort and technological capability—and hypothesize that these two dimensions have opposing moderating effects which can result in theoretical and empirical misspecifications if ignored. We argue that firms with higher technological efforts have greater motivation to search for knowledge from their alliance partners, place more value on the external knowledge and mobilize such knowledge, and face lower internal resistance to assimilate and to use the knowledge. On the other hand, firms with stronger technological capability have lower motivation to search for knowledge from alliance partners, put lower value on the knowledge, make less intense efforts to mobilize it, and face greater internal resistance in assimilating and using the knowledge. By analyzing longitudinal data of 178 U.S.-based public semiconductor firms during 1988–2000 using negative binomial regression, we find that as firms increase their technological effort, the benefits from alliance network resources in terms of technological innovations come at a higher rate. In contrast, as technological capabilities of firms increase, the benefits from the alliance network resources in the form firm technological innovations come at a lower rate. We further discuss important theoretical and managerial implications of our findings

Bringing emerging technologies to market: Does academic research promote commercial exploration and exploitation

Many studies have demonstrated that academic research plays an important role in the development of emerging technologies. Publishing academic research, research by scientists that is shared with the broader research community via journal publications and conference presentations, plays an important role in the development of emerging technologies. While much is known about the relationship between academic research and invention capability (e.g., patent-generation capability), the link between academic research and commercial products demands further investigation. This paper presents a longitudinal study of the link between firms academic research activity and commercial exploration and exploitation of emerging technology knowledge. According to our findings, firms with an active program of publishing academic research are more likely to commercially explore (via pioneer products) and exploit (via greater product scope) their emerging technology investment. © 1988-2012 IEEE