Tobacco cigarette smoking and patellar reflex depression

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/117001/1/cpt196910172.pd

Observations on intraventricular hemicholinium-3-induced eeg seizures,

It was observed that intraventricular (i.vt.) injection of HC-3 produced markedly different effects upon the EEG of the dog, dependent upon dose. The high dose (5 mg) investigated in this paper produced seizures with a 20 min latency. This effect was compared with the effects of several drugs known to act on the cholinergic system, and in addition the effect on acetylcholinesterase (AChE) of several brain regions was determined. It was concluded that the HC-3-induced EEG seizures probably did not occur as a result of AChE inhibition but resulted from a direct action on possible cholinergic receptors. Suggestions for the nature of this action are discussed.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/33313/1/0000708.pd

Chemical dissociation of human awareness: focus on non-competitive NMDA receptor antagonists

Since the mid-1950s the pharmaceutical industry has developed a number of chemicals, including phencyclidine, ketamine and related arylcyclohexylamines (PCE and TCP), dizocilpine (MK-801), N-allylnormetazocine [ NANM, (±)SKF-10,047], etoxadrol, dioxadrol and its enantiomers dexoxadrol and levoxadrol, which produce a constellation of unusual behavioral effects in animals and man. The compounds best studied in humans are phencyclidine and ketamine. They produce a remarkable dose-dependent dissociation of awareness. All of these substances are now known to be non-competitive antagonists of NMDA receptors of glutamic acid. They act in the NMDA receptor ion channel. One can conclude, on the basis of the effects observed with these agents, that glutamic acid and related excitatory amino acids are extremely important in the maintenance of human awareness.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/68872/2/10.1177_026988119200600312.pd

Piii‐37

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/109838/1/cptclpt2006257.pd

Synthesis of [ 18 F]phencyclidines for glutamate receptor mapping

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/90096/1/25802601150_ftp.pd

Effect of photic stimulation on acetylcholine release from cat cerebral cortex

Cortical release of acetylcholine was assayed using the leech muscle preparation in cats with transected brainstems. Both spontaneous and elicited somatosensory and visual cortical release of acetylcholine were measured, photic stimuli being directed into both eyes of midpontine-pretrigeminal and prepontine preparations. Animals with midpontine transections had a higher spontaneous release of acetylcholine from the visual cortex than did prepontine animals, but photic stimulation did not increase acetylcholine release. The prepontine cats tended to show an increase in cortical release of acetylcholine to photic stimulation which was not statistically significant. After injections or topical application of scopolamine, spontaneous and elicited release of acetylcholine was markedly increased. Thus, photic stimulation of the retinae did not markedly increase acetylcholine release, either with or without scopolamine treatment, and the evoked release of acetylcholine from the visual cortex was similar to that from the sensorimotor cortex. Differences in acetylcholine release between cats with "activated" and "synchronized" EEGs were demonstrated before and after scopolamine. The content of acetylcholine in the motorsensory, somatosensory, auditory and visual cortices varied, with the lowest in the somatosensory and the highest in the visual area. In contrast, the release of acetylcholine was higher in the somatosensory than in the visual area, suggesting that the former has a higher turnover rate of acetylcholine. The data suggest that acetylcholine is not released from primary visual afferent fibers, but rather from neurons involved in a diffuse brainstem activating system.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/34195/1/0000484.pd

Improving Quality And Diffusing Best Practices: The Case Of Schizophrenia

The slow diffusion of empirically supported treatments and the rapid diffusion of treatments lacking empirical support play a significant role in the quality gap in the care of people with severe mental illnesses. Further, the rapid diffusion of treatments of low cost-effectiveness limits the system's ability to provide the full gamut of high-value treatments available to treat this vulnerable population. Using the case of schizophrenia as an illustrative case study, we review the context in which these paradoxical patterns of diffusion have occurred and propose policy solutions

Acute effects of cigarette smoking on global cerebral blood flow (GCBF) in overnight abstinent tobacco smokers

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/110009/1/cptclpt2005261.pd

Information Requirements for Supervisory Air Traffic Controllers in Support of a Mid-Term Wake Vortex Departure System

A concept focusing on wind dependent departure operations has been developed the current version of this concept is called the Wake Turbulence Mitigation for Departures (WTMD). This concept takes advantage the fact that cross winds of sufficient velocity blow wakes generated by "heavy" and B757 category aircraft on the downwind runway away from the upwind runway. Supervisory Air Traffic Controllers would be responsible for authorization of the Procedure. An investigation of the information requirements necessary to for Supervisors to approve monitor and terminate the Procedure was conducted. Results clearly indicated that the requisite information is currently available in air traffic control towers and that additional information was not required

Effects of dark chocolate in a population of Normal Weight Obese women: a pilot study.

BACKGROUND: Normal weight obese (NWO) syndrome is defined as an excessive body fat associated with a normal body mass index and characterized by a higher risk for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Recent studies have demonstrated that dark chocolate (DC) has beneficial effects in the prevention of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) due to its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. AIM: The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of DC consumption on lipid profile, inflammatory markers, biochemical parameters, and blood pressure, in NWO women. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 15 women affected by NWO syndrome, aged 20-40 years, were included in the study. After a DC-free washout period, subjects received DC (100 g/die) containing 70% cocoa for 7-days. Body composition by Dual energy-X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) was performed at baseline. Blood pressure, anthropometric measurements, biochemical parameters and plasma levels of some cytokines were measured before and after DC consumption. RESULTS: After DC consumption, we observed a significant increase in the HDL cholesterol level (Delta% = +10.41±13,53; p ≤ 0.05), a significant decrease of total cholesterol/HDL cholesterol ratio (Delta %= -11.45±7.03; p ≤ 0.05), LDL/HDL cholesterol ratio (Delta % = -11.70±8.91; p ≤ 0.05), and interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra) (Delta % = -32.99±3.84; p ≤ 0.05). In addition, a reduction in abdomen circumference was observed. We also found a positive correlation between changes in atherogenic indices, and IL-1Ra, abdomen reduction. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that regular consumption of DC could be useful in maintaining a good atherogenic profile, due to the favourable effects on HDL cholesterol, lipoprotein ratios and inflammation markers