García, Xavier (ed.) (2015). Joan Oliver-Joaquim Molas: Diàleg epistolar il·lustrat (1959-1982). Lleida: Pagès Editors, pp. 186

<p><i>Objectives</i>: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has been associated with spatial working memory as well as frontostriatal core deficits. However, it is still unclear how the link between these frontostriatal deficits and working memory function in ADHD differs in children and adults. This study examined spatial working memory in adults and children with ADHD, focussing on identifying regions demonstrating age-invariant or age-dependent abnormalities. <i>Methods</i>: We used functional magnetic resonance imaging to examine a group of 26 children and 35 adults to study load manipulated spatial working memory in patients and controls. <i>Results</i>: In comparison to healthy controls, patients demonstrated reduced positive parietal and frontostriatal load effects, i.e., less increase in brain activity from low to high load, despite similar task performance. In addition, younger patients showed negative load effects, i.e., a decrease in brain activity from low to high load, in medial prefrontal regions. Load effect differences between ADHD and controls that differed between age groups were found predominantly in prefrontal regions. Age-invariant load effect differences occurred predominantly in frontostriatal regions. <i>Conclusions</i>: The age-dependent deviations support the role of prefrontal maturation and compensation in ADHD, while the age-invariant alterations observed in frontostriatal regions provide further evidence that these regions reflect a core pathophysiology in ADHD.</p

12-month prevalence of adult ADHD in young Swiss men.

<p>12-month prevalence of adult ADHD in young Swiss men.</p

Relationship between ADHD and the presence of MD, ASPD, alcohol abuse and dependence.

<p>Relationship between ADHD and the presence of MD, ASPD, alcohol abuse and dependence.</p

Description of the study sample and correlates of adult ADHD; logistic regression analyses with ADHD as the outcome variable.

†<p>p<.10,</p><p>*p<.05,</p><p>**p<.001;</p>a<p>adjusted for all variables;</p>b<p>age range: 17–28;</p>c<p>no logistic regression analyses were performed due to the small number of participants in one of the variable’s categories;</p>d<p>before 18 years of age.</p

Relationship between ASRS strata and the presence of MD, ASPD, alcohol abuse and dependence.

<p>Relationship between ASRS strata and the presence of MD, ASPD, alcohol abuse and dependence.</p