Relationships of Cardiorespiratory Fitness with Metabolic Risk Factors, Inflammation, and Liver Transaminases in Overweight Youths

The aim of this study was to assess the relationships of fatness and fitness with metabolic risk factors, including liver transaminases and inflammation in obese youth, taking in account gender, age, and pubertal stage. 241 children were studied (135 girls), age 11.9 ± 2.2 years (x ± SD), Body Mass Index z score 5.4 ± 2.7. For girls, VO2max was significantly associated with insulin (P = .001), Insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) (P = .005), and ALT (P = .012); a relationship was displayed between fibrinogen and age and % fat mass (FM) (P = .008); for boys, relationships were found between VO2max and diastolic blood pressure and triglycerides; independent associations were also found between age and insulin, HOMA-IR and HDL cholesterol; fibrinogen and sedimentation rate were related (P ≤ .004) with %FM. Their relationships are observed from young age and increase with the continuous increase of factors. This supports the need to treat overweight as soon as it is detected; improving CRF is one of the ways which could be used to prevent the complications of obesity

Biodisponibilité des minéraux et des oligo-éléments : influence des protéines et des peptides du lait

Biodisponibilité des minéraux et des oligo-éléments : influence des protéines et des peptides du lai

Dietary bioactive peptides : Human studies

Current opinion strongly links nutrition and health. Among nutrients, proteins and peptides which are encrypted in their sequences and released during digestion could play a key role in improving health. These peptides have been claimed to be active on a wide spectrum of biological functions or diseases, including blood pressure and metabolic risk factors (coagulation, obesity, lipoprotein metabolism, peroxidation), gut and neurological functions, immunity, cancer, dental health and mineral metabolism. A majority of studies involved dairy peptides, but the properties of vegetal, animal, and sea products were also assessed. However these allegations are mainly based on in vitro and experimental studies which are seldom confirmed in humans. This review focused on molecules which were tested in humans, and on the mechanisms explaining discrepancies between experimental and human studies

Biodisponibilité des minéraux et des oligo-éléments : influence des protéines et des peptides du lait

Biodisponibilité des minéraux et des oligo-éléments : influence des protéines et des peptides du lai

Biopeptides of milk: caseinophosphopeptides and mineral bioavailability

The biological and physiological activities of milk proteins are partially attributed to several peptides encrypted in the protein molecules. These peptides can be liberated by enzymatic digestion in vitro and in vivo. Among the biologically active molecules, phosphorylated peptides (caseinophosphopeptides, CPP) are known to exert an effect on calcium metabolism but also on other minerals. While the existing discrepancy on the potential role of CPP on calcium availability has not been clarified, the results of our previous studies showed that a purified phosphopeptide (β(1- 25)) exhibits a positive effect on iron bioavailability in vivo. Here we report the main results on the efficiency of β(1-25) in the absorption and availability of iron as well as on the mechanism involved.[br/

Effects of trace elements and calcium on diabetes and obesity, and their complications: Protective effect of dairy products – A mini-review

Trace elements and minerals influence the pathogenesis of obesity and diabetes and their complications, mainly through their involvement in peroxidation and inflammation. On the other hand, peroxidation and inflammation are liable to alter themetabolismof these nutrients, which should be taken into account when assessing their status. Milk products are capable of preventing iron-induced peroxidation and the metabolic complications of the diseases. Calcium, especially cow milk calcium, seems to be capable of preventing the development of adipocytes and obesity complications (inflammation, hypertension, and insulin resistance), mainly through interactions with vitamin D metabolism. These observations give an opportunity to influence the course of obesity by dietetic advices

Effects of trace elements and calcium on diabetes and obesity, and their complications: Protective effect of dairy products – A mini review

An error occurred in the address of an author of the article Bouglé D., Bouhallab S., Bureau F. and Zunquin G., Effects of trace elements and calcium on diabetes and obesity, and their complications: Protective effect of dairy products – A mini review, Dairy Sci. Technol. 89 (2009) 213–218. Therefore the address of the author Saïd Bouhallab was lacking in the article: $^{2}$INRA, UMR1253 Science et Technologie du Lait et de l'Œuf, 35042 Rennes, France $^{3}$AGROCAMPUS OUEST, UMR1253 Science et Technologie du Lait et de l'Œuf, 35042 Rennes, Franc

Influence de la technique de fabrication des fromages sur les triacylglycérols

National audienc

Maximal Oxygen Consumption and Bone Mass in French Boys

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Caseinophosphopeptide-bound iron: protective effect against gut peroxidation

Peptides derived from cow’s milk proteins have in vitro protective effects on iron-induced peroxidation that could be used to prevent the side effects of iron fortification. The aim of the study was to confirm these properties in an in vivo model of gut peroxidation. Methods: Iron bound to the 1–25 phosphopeptide of β-casein [Fe-β-CPP(1–25)] was compared to an encapsulated ferric pyrophosphate (Fe-P) in the Caco-2 model. Ferrous sulfate (FeSO4) was used as control (100 μmol/l iron, n = 6 per group). The concentration of malondialdehyde (MDA), a stable byproduct of lipid peroxidation, was used as the marker of peroxidation. Results: The lowest MDA levels were observed in cells grown with Fe-β-CPP(1–25) and the highest with Fe-P. Iron absorption of Fe-β-CPP(1–25) was higher than in the 2 other forms, due to its high cellular uptake and high basolateral transfer, while iron absorption of Fe-P showed high uptake and high cell retention. Conclusions: The enhancing effect of β-CPP(1–25) on iron absorption was associated with a protective effect against enterocyte peroxidation, perhaps due to its low storage by enterocytes. These observations support a role for specific milk components in food fortification to prevent iron deficiency