Measuring the Economic Effects of NAFTA on Mexico

Freihandelszone; Außenhandel; Wirtschaftspolitische Wirkungsanalyse; NAFTA-Staaten; Mexiko

The Asian Financial Crisis and Warning Indicators - Then and Now

This paper presents data on the financial crisis in East Asia that started in Thailand in July 1997 and then spread to other emerging Asian economies and the rest of the world, and the warning indicators that were used to predict that crisis. The causes of the current financial and economic crisis in Asia are then examined as well as the reason that the same indicators could not predict the current Asian crisis. Basically, Asian economies introduced significant structural changes after the 1997-1998 crisis, which prevented a crisis similar to the one that afflicted them in 1997-1998. The current financial crisis in Asia was imported from abroad and resulted from a contagion from the financial and economic crisis in the United States and other advanced nations when they sharply cut their imports and reduced their capital exports to Asian countries and other emerging market economies

The Asian Financial Crisis and Warning Indicators - Then and Now

This paper presents data on the financial crisis in East Asia that started in Thailand in July 1997 and then spread to other emerging Asian economies and the rest of the world, and the warning indicators that were used to predict that crisis. The causes of the current financial and economic crisis in Asia are then examined as well as the reason that the same indicators could not predict the current Asian crisis. Basically, Asian economies introduced significant structural changes after the 1997-1998 crisis, which prevented a crisis similar to the one that afflicted them in 1997-1998. The current financial crisis in Asia was imported from abroad and resulted from a contagion from the financial and economic crisis in the United States and other advanced nations when they sharply cut their imports and reduced their capital exports to Asian countries and other emerging market economies

Treatment Options for urinary tract infections caused by extended-spectrum B-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae

Increased utilization of antibiotics has contributed to greater resistance among pathogenic bacteria. The prevalence of such organisms has created challenges for practitioners treating bacterial infections. One of the most frequently encountered infections in both inpatient and outpatient settings is urinary tract infections (UTIs). is the most commonly isolated uropathogen. Both and are capable of producing extended-spectrum B-lactamases (ESBL) which result in resistance to many antibiotics that are typically used in the treatment of UTIs. An analysis of inpatient urinary isolates in the United States found rates of ESBL-producing (ESBL-EC) and (ESBL-KP) to be 6.8[percent] and 10.3[percent], respectively

Privileged Interfirm/Bank Relationships in Central Europe: Trigger or Trap for Corporate Governance?

The paper focuses on the question whether banks and capital markets in Central Europe are capable of exerting a positive influence on enterprise performance at the present stage of the economic transformation. These markets are characterised by privileged, collaborative interfirm/interbank relationships demonstrated through various channels. Among them is the competition for private deposits between commercial and national banks that are simultaneously supervisors of commercial banks, as is the case in Poland. Other channels include: heavily indebted large banks that are owners of industrial companies (as is the case in Slovakia with the steel mill VSZ owning the third largest bank IRB), investment funds that are facilitating industrial restructuring, and foreign banks holding only minority stakes in large domestic financial institutions.Interfirm, bank relationship, Central Europe

Privileged Interfirm/Bank Relationships in Central Europe: Trigger or Trap for Corporate Governance?

The paper focuses on the question whether banks and capital markets in Central Europe are capable of exerting a positive influence on enterprise performance at the present stage of the economic transformation. These markets are characterised by privileged, collaborative interfirm/interbank relationships demonstrated through various channels. Among them is the competition for private deposits between commercial and national banks that are simultaneously supervisors of commercial banks, as is the case in Poland. Other channels include: heavily indebted large banks that are owners of industrial companies (as is the case in Slovakia with the steel mill VSZ owning the third largest bank IRB), investment funds that are facilitating industrial restructuring, and foreign banks holding only minority stakes in large domestic financial institutions.

The EURO: Expectations and Performance

This paper examines the creation of the euro and its operation since then. It also examines the benefits and costs arising from the creation of the euro and its present and expected relative importance, especially in relation to the US dollar and the Japanese yen.Economics

Development of acute kidney injury with concomitant use of Vancomycin and Piperacillin-Tasobactam : A review of recent literature

This article explores the potential association between co-administration of vancomycin and piperacillin-tazobactam with the development of acute kidney injury (AKI) when compared with vancomycin and other beta lactam antibiotics or vancomycin monotherapy. Based upon available evidence, the combination of vancomycin and piperacillin-tazobactam at therapeutic dosages correlates with increased incidence of AKI when compared to vancomycin and cefepime, vancomycin and meropenem, and vancomycin monotherapy. The majority of these trials are retrospective and most do not evaluate patient outcomes. There remains a need for large, prospective, randomized, controlled trials to determine a causative relationship and assess clinical ramifications with the concomitant use of vancomycin and piperacillin-tazobactam and development of AKI. Keywords: Acute kidney injury, cefepime, piperacillin-tazobactam, vancomycin.Includes bibliographical reference

Eastern enlargement: the sooner, the better?

This conference volume discusses the pros and cons of early integration into the European Union of Eastern transition countries, given the information available at the turn of the century. The questions posed refer to the structural gap between accession countries (ACs) and the EU, the optimal exchange rate regime for ACs, and the effects on employment in either area of international fragmentation. On balance, discussions tilted towards early enlargement. However, there was also consensus that accession must be subject to successful establishment of market attitudes and thorough implementation of the acquis communautaire

Eastern enlargement: the sooner, the better?

This conference volume discusses the pros and cons of early integration into the European Union of Eastern transition countries, given the information available at the turn of the century. The questions posed refer to the structural gap between accession countries (ACs) and the EU, the optimal exchange rate regime for ACs, and the effects on employment in either area of international fragmentation. On balance, discussions tilted towards early enlargement. However, there was also consensus that accession must be subject to successful establishment of market attitudes and thorough implementation of the acquis communautaire