11,538 research outputs found
Geometric Phase Integrals and Irrationality Tests
Let be an analytical, real valued function defined on a compact domain
. We prove that the problem of establishing the
irrationality of evaluated at can be stated with
respect to the convergence of the phase of a suitable integral , defined
on an open, bounded domain, for that goes to infinity. This is derived as a
consequence of a similar equivalence, that establishes the existence of
isolated solutions of systems equations of analytical functions on compact real
domains in , if and only if the phase of a suitable ``geometric''
complex phase integral converges for . We finally
highlight how the method can be easily adapted to be relevant for the study of
the existence of rational or integer points on curves in bounded domains, and
we sketch some potential theoretical developments of the method
Stem-Like Adaptive Aneuploidy and Cancer Quasispecies
We analyze and reinterpret experimental evidence from the literature to argue
for an ability of tumor cells to self-regulate their aneuploidy rate. We
conjecture that this ability is mediated by a diversification factor that
exploits molecular mechanisms common to embryo stem cells and, to a lesser
extent, adult stem cells, that is eventually reactivated in tumor cells.
Moreover, we propose a direct use of the quasispecies model to cancer cells
based on their significant genomic instability (i.e. aneuploidy rate), by
defining master sequences lengths as the sum of all copy numbers of physically
distinct whole and fragmented chromosomes. We compute an approximate error
threshold such that any aneuploidy rate larger than the threshold would lead to
a loss of fitness of a tumor population, and we confirm that highly aneuploid
cancer populations already function with aneuploidy rates close to the
estimated threshold
Testing a quintessence model with CMBR peaks location
We show that a model of quintessence with exponential potential, which allows
to obtain general exact solutions, can generate locations of CMBR peaks which
are fully compatible with present observational dataComment: 7 pages, no figure
A Parametric Framework for the Comparison of Methods of Very Robust Regression
There are several methods for obtaining very robust estimates of regression
parameters that asymptotically resist 50% of outliers in the data. Differences
in the behaviour of these algorithms depend on the distance between the
regression data and the outliers. We introduce a parameter that
defines a parametric path in the space of models and enables us to study, in a
systematic way, the properties of estimators as the groups of data move from
being far apart to close together. We examine, as a function of , the
variance and squared bias of five estimators and we also consider their power
when used in the detection of outliers. This systematic approach provides tools
for gaining knowledge and better understanding of the properties of robust
estimators.Comment: Published in at http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/13-STS437 the Statistical
Science (http://www.imstat.org/sts/) by the Institute of Mathematical
Statistics (http://www.imstat.org
Counterterms in type I Supergravities
We compute the one-loop divergences of D=10, N=1 supergravity and of its
reduction to D=8. We study the tensor structure of the counterterms appearing
in D=8 and D=10 and compare these to expressions previously found in the low
energy expansion of string theory. The infinities have the primitive Yang-Mills
tree amplitude as a common factor.Comment: 26 pages, Latex, 4 eps figure
Local orientational ordering in fluids of spherical molecules with dipolar-like anisotropic adhesion
We discuss some interesting physical features stemming from our previous
analytical study of a simple model of a fluid with dipolar-like interactions of
very short range in addition to the usual isotropic Baxter potential for
adhesive spheres. While the isotropic part is found to rule the global
structural and thermodynamical equilibrium properties of the fluid, the weaker
anisotropic part gives rise to an interesting short-range local ordering of
nearly spherical condensation clusters, containing short portions of chains
having nose-to-tail parallel alignment which runs antiparallel to adjacent
similar chains.Comment: 13 pages and 6 figure
Are collapse models testable with quantum oscillating systems? The case of neutrinos, kaons, chiral molecules
Collapse models provide a theoretical framework for understanding how
classical world emerges from quantum mechanics. Their dynamics preserves
(practically) quantum linearity for microscopic systems, while it becomes
strongly nonlinear when moving towards macroscopic scale. The conventional
approach to test collapse models is to create spatial superpositions of
mesoscopic systems and then examine the loss of interference, while
environmental noises are engineered carefully. Here we investigate a different
approach: We study systems that naturally oscillate --creating quantum
superpositions-- and thus represent a natural case-study for testing quantum
linearity: neutrinos, neutral mesons, and chiral molecules. We will show how
spontaneous collapses affect their oscillatory behavior, and will compare them
with environmental decoherence effects. We will show that, contrary to what
previously predicted, collapse models cannot be tested with neutrinos. The
effect is stronger for neutral mesons, but still beyond experimental reach.
Instead, chiral molecules can offer promising candidates for testing collapse
models.Comment: accepted by NATURE Scientific Reports, 12 pages, 1 figures, 2 table
Fingerprinting dark energy
Dark energy perturbations are normally either neglected or else included in a
purely numerical way, obscuring their dependence on underlying parameters like
the equation of state or the sound speed. However, while many different
explanations for the dark energy can have the same equation of state, they
usually differ in their perturbations so that these provide a fingerprint for
distinguishing between different models with the same equation of state. In
this paper we derive simple yet accurate approximations that are able to
characterize a specific class of models (encompassing most scalar-field models)
which is often generically called "dark energy". We then use the approximate
solutions to look at the impact of the dark energy perturbations on the dark
matter power spectrum and on the integrated Sachs-Wolfe effect in the cosmic
microwave background radiation.Comment: 11 pages, 5 figures, minor changes to match published versio
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