Fatty acid extract from CLA-enriched egg yolks can mediate transcriptome reprogramming of MCF-7 cancer cells to prevent their growth and proliferation

BACKGROUND: Our previous study showed that fatty acids extract obtained from CLA-enriched egg yolks (EFA-CLA) suppressed the viability of MCF-7 cancer cell line more effectively than extract from non-enriched egg yolks (EFA). In this study, we analysed the effect of EFA-CLA and EFA on transcriptome profile of MCF-7 cells by applying the whole Human Genome Microarray technology. RESULTS: We found that EFA-CLA and EFA treated cells differentially regulated genes involved in cancer development and progression. EFA-CLA, compared to EFA, positively increased the mRNA expression of TSC2 and PTEN tumor suppressors as well as decreased the expression of NOTCH1, AGPS, GNA12, STAT3, UCP2, HIGD2A, HIF1A, PPKAR1A oncogenes. CONCLUSIONS: We show for the first time that EFA-CLA can regulate genes engaged in AKT/mTOR pathway and inhibiting cell cycle progression. The observed results are most likely achieved by the combined effect of both: incorporated CLA isomers and other fatty acids in eggs organically modified through hens’ diet. Our results suggest that CLA-enriched eggs could be easily available food products with a potential of a cancer chemopreventive agent. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12263-016-0537-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users

The effect of "Nutramil^{TM} Complex," food for special medical purpose, on breast and prostate carcinoma cells

NutramilTM Complex is a multicomponent food product that meets the requirements of a food for special medical purpose. As a complete, high-energy diet it consists of properly balanced nutrients, vitamins and minerals. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of NutramilTM Complex on breast and prostate carcinoma cells. Our results showed that NutramilTM Complex reduced the viability and proliferation of breast and prostate cancer cells and that this process was associated with the induction of apoptosis via activation of caspase signalling. Data showed elevated levels of p53 tumour suppressor, up-regulation of p38 MAPK and SAPK / JNK proteins and downregulation of anti-apoptotic ERK1/2, AKT1 and HSP27. Treatment with NutramilTM Complex also affected the expression of the BCL2 family genes. Results also showed down-regulation of anti-apoptotic BCL-2 and up-regulation of pro-apoptotic members such as BAX, BAD, BID. In addition, we also observed regulation of many other genes, including Iκβα, Chk1 and Chk2, associated with apoptotic events. Taken together, our results suggest activation of the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway as most likely mechanism of anti-carcinogenic activity of NutramilTM Complex

Fatty Acids of CLA-Enriched Egg Yolks Can Induce Transcriptional Activation of Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors in MCF-7 Breast Cancer Cells

In our previous study, we showed that fatty acids from CLA-enriched egg yolks (EFA-CLA) reduced the proliferation of breast cancer cells; however, the molecular mechanisms of their action remain unknown. In the current study, we used MCF-7 breast cancer cell line to determine the effect of EFA-CLA, as potential ligands for peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs), on identified in silico PPAR-responsive genes: BCAR3, TCF20, WT1, ZNF621, and THRB (transcript TRβ2). Our results showed that EFA-CLA act as PPAR ligands with agonistic activity for all PPAR isoforms, with the highest specificity towards PPARγ. In conclusion, we propose that EFA-CLA-mediated regulation of PPAR-responsive genes is most likely facilitated by cis9,trans11CLA isomer incorporated in egg yolk. Notably, EFA-CLA activated PPAR more efficiently than nonenriched FA as well as synthetic CLA isomers. We also propose that this regulation, at least in part, can be responsible for the observed reduction in the proliferation of MCF-7 cells treated with EFA-CLA

Effect of mature dendritic cells on motor activity of human pancreatic cancer cells HPC-4

Dendritic cells are specialized antigen presenting cells and play a vital role in the induction and regulation of the immune response. The main functions of dendritic cells is to capture, transfer to lymph nodes and present antigen to Th lymphocytes and the participation in the polarization of immune response. In recent years appeared works suggesting that immune cells instead of destroying cancer cells, stimulate their proliferation and migration what resulting in a worse prognosis.In this work the effect of mature dendritic cell on adhesion, migration activity and actin cytoskeleton organization of human pancreatic cancer cells HPC-4 was investigated. It was demonstrated that mature dendritic cells show a high degree of adhesion to tumor, increases the migratory activity of the treated cells and stimulate the expression of Snail proteins - responsible for the epithelial–mesenchymal transition. The received data suggest the important role of mature dendritic cells in the increased migration activity of human pancreatic cancer cells HPC-4.Komórki dendrytyczne są wyspecjalizowanymi komórkami prezentującymi antygen i odgrywają zasadniczą rolą w indukcji i regulacji odpowiedzi immunologicznej. Główne funkcje komórek dendrytycznych to przechwycenie, przeniesienie do węzłów chłonnych i prezentacja antygenu limfocytom Th oraz udział w polaryzacji odpowiedzi immunologicznej. W ostatnich latach ukazuje się coraz więcej prac sugerujących, że komórki układu immunologicznego zamiast niszczyć komórki nowotworowe stymulują ich proliferację oraz migrację co przekłada się na gorsze rokowania.W pracy zbadano wpływ dojrzałych komórek dendrytycznych na adhezję, aktywność migracyjną oraz organizację cytoszkieletu aktynowego ludzkich komórek raka trzustki HPC-4. W wyniku przeprowadzonych doświadczeń wykazano, że dojrzałe komórki dendrytyczne wykazują wysoki stopień adhezji do komórek nowotworowych, zwiększają ich aktywność migracyjną oraz stymulują ekspresję białek Snail - odpowiedzialnych za przejście epitelialno-mezenchymalne. Otrzymane rezultaty wskazują na istotną rolę dojrzałych komórek dendrytycznych w zwiększeniu aktywności migracyjnej ludzkich komórek raka trzustki HPC-4

Optimization of the composition and formation process of carbogel and graphite electrodes for Li-ion cells.

Wraz z rosnącym zapotrzebowaniem na energię elektryczną zwiększa się też potrzeba jej magazynowania. Obecnie najbardziej popularnymi mobilnymi magazynami są akumulatory litowo-jonowe. Jednak stale trwają prace nad ulepszaniem tych ogniw. Jednym z kierunków badań jest dążenie do poprawy parametrów pracy materiałów anodowych poprzez modyfikowanie używanych obecnie materiałów lub poszukiwanie nowych, lepszych surowców. Większość materiałów anodowych jest pozyskiwana z nieodnawialnych źródeł energii, których zasoby się wyczerpują. Dlatego, niewątpliwie surowce odnawialne mogą być dobrą alternatywą dla surowców kopalnych. Celem przeprowadzonych badań była optymalizacja kompozycji i procesu formowania elektrod grafitowych i karbożelowych dla ogniw Li-ion. Materiały karbożelowe pozyskiwano na drodze pirolizy alkożeli otrzymywanych ze skrobi ziemniaczanej i kukurydzianej. Składnikami elektrod kompozytowych były: materiał aktywny (karbożele, grafit), spoiwo (PVDF, PVNF) oraz dodatek przewodzący (Carbon Black). Optymalizacja kompozycji polegała na wykonaniu elektrod z zawartością składników w różnych proporcjach, natomiast optymalizacja procesu formowania na wykonywaniu elektrod o różnej grubości warstwy. Właściwości fizykochemiczne materiałów aktywnych określono za pomocą XRD i EA. Właściwości elektrochemiczne elektrod kompozytowych sprawdzono za pomocą CV, EIS oraz CELL TEST. Ustalono że badane materiały aktywne mają wysoką zawartość węgla, powyżej 90%. Właściwości elektrod grafitowych i karbożelowych zależą od ich kompozycji, oraz grubości warstwy. Stosując odpowiednią kompozycję oraz grubość warstwy elektrody można otrzymać materiał o zdefiniowanej charakterystyce.With the growing demand for electricity, the need to store it increases. Nowadays the most popular mobile energy stores are lithium-ion batteries. However, research is continuing to improve their properties. One of the directions of research is striving to improve the work parameters of anode materials by modifying the currently used materials or looking for new, better raw materials. Most anode materials are obtained from non-renewable energy sources whose resources are running out. Therefore, undoubtedly renewable resources can be a good alternative to fossil raw materials. The aim of the research was to optimize the composition and process of forming graphite and carbogel electrodes for li-ion cells. The carbogels materials were obtained by pyrolysis of the alkogels obtained from potato and maize starch. Components of composite electrodes were: active material (carbogels, graphite), binder (PVDF, PNVF) and conductive additive (Carbon Black). The optimization of the composition consisted in making electrodes with the content of ingredients in various proportions, while the optimization of the forming process on making electrodes of different layer thickness. Physicochemical properties of the active materials were determined using XRD and EA. The electrochemical properties of the composite electrodes were checked using CV, EIS and CELL TEST. It was found that the tested active materials have a high carbon content, above 90%. The properties of graphite and carbogels electrodes depend on their composition and layer thickness. By using the right composition and the thickness of the electrode layer, a material with the assumed characteristics can be obtained

Study of carbogel materials obtained from model compounds

Ogniwa Li-ion są najczęściej stosowanymi przenośnymi magazynami energii. Aby obniżyć cenę ogniw Li-ion poszukuje się tanich komponentów, które cechują się odpowiednimi parametrami pracy. Skrobia jako powszechnie występujący polimer naturalny jest tania, jej zasoby szybko się odnawiają a ponadto jest neutralna dla środowiska. Dlatego też uważana jest za jeden z najbardziej atrakcyjnych surowców, z którego można pozyskiwać materiały węglowe. Celem niniejszej pracy było wykonanie komplementarnych fizyko- i elektrochemicznych badań materiałów węglowych otrzymanych ze składników budulcowych skrobi. Badanymi związkami były karbożele otrzymane na bazie amylozy, amylopektyny i ich mieszanin. Karbożele otrzymano w wyniku kleikowania odpowiedniej kompozycji frakcji skrobi, wymiany rozpuszczalnika oraz bezpośredniej pirolizy alkożeli w 700ºC w atmosferze Ar. Otrzymane materiały poddano badaniom XRD, EA, N2-BET, SEM i CELL TEST w celu wyznaczenia ich właściwości i charakterystyki pracy w ogniwach litowych. Ustalono że uzyskane karbożele mają wysoką zawartość węgla, są amorficzne i wykazują domeny grafitopodobne. Materiały te charakteryzują się także dużymi powierzchniami właściwymi. Dzięki wykorzystaniu odpowiedniej kompozycji prekursora oraz warunków preparatyki można uzyskać materiały o ściśle zdefiniowanej charakterystyce mogących znaleźć zastosowanie w ogniwach Li-ion.The lithium-ion batteries are the most commonly used energy storage systems. Nevertheless, to reduce the cost of the Li-ion cells, the cheaper components which have good parameters should be applied. Starch as a natural polymer, widely abundant in plant materials, is cheap, renewable and nontoxic. Therefore it is considered as one of the most attractive materials, which can be used to synthesize carbon materials. The main aim of this work was to perform the physical and electrochemical research of carbogels based on starch fractions (amylose, amylopectin and their compositions). Carbogel materials were received by gelatinization of starch components, exchange of solvent and direct pyrolysis of organic alcogels in 700ºC in the atmosphere of argon. Obtained materials were tested by XRD, EA, N2-BET, SEM and CELL TEST to determine their properties and working characteristics in Li-ion cells. It was revealed that carbogel samples include more than 90% of carbon, have amorphous structure and exhibit some graphitic domains. These materials are also characterized by relatively large specific surface area. Due to the use of appropriate composition of the precursors and preparation conditions, materials with strictly defined characteristics, which can be applied in Li-ion batteries, can be obtained

Quality improvement of a safety valve with the use of numerical and experimental studies

This article presents results of numerical modelling, simulation and test bench experiments of a hydraulic direct-acting relief valve was used as a safety valve. The analyzed safety valve was placed in a system consisting of a fixed-speed pump, a control valve, a hydraulic cylinder as an actuator and a second pressure valve in the load line used as a payload generator for the cylinder. In the first step mathematical model of the system was formulated in the form of a system of ordinary differential equations. Next, simulation model was created in Matlab/Simulink. Simulations were carried out for different values of the actuator payload. The obtained results include time series of pressure, flow rate and displacement of the actuator piston. In order to confirm simulation results, a test bench was built and series of experiments were carried out. High compliance of simulation and laboratory results was obtained. It was confirmed that the proposed solution with the relief valve used as a safety valve fulfills its task of protecting the hydraulic system from excessive pressure increase

Mechanisms of Anticancer Activity of a Fatty Acid Mixture Extracted from Hen Egg Yolks Enriched in Conjugated Linoleic Acid Diene (CLA) against WM793 Melanoma Cells

The conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) diene is a biologically active compound with proven health-promoting effects. In terms of anticancer properties, it has been shown that CLA reduces the proliferation of cancer cells. In this study, it has been demonstrated that a mixture of fatty acids, isolated from chicken egg yolk enriched in CLA isomers by biofortification, reduces (by 30.5%) the proliferation of human melanoma cancer cells line WM793 to a greater extent than a mixture of fatty acids not containing these isomers. At the same time, the tested fatty acid mixtures show no effect on human normal BJ fibroblast cells. For the first time, the genes with increased expression have been identified and the proteins have been activated by the fatty acid mixture of CLA-enriched egg yolk, mainly responsible for mitochondrial pathway-dependent apoptosis

Young Shoots of Red Beet and the Root at Full Maturity Inhibit Proliferation and Induce Apoptosis in Breast Cancer Cell Lines

Modern medicine is struggling with the problem of fully effective treatment of neoplastic diseases despite deploying innovative chemotherapeutic agents. Therefore, undertaking cancer-prevention measures, such as proper eating habits, should be strongly recommended. The present research aimed to compare the effects of juice from young shoots of beetroot compared to juice from root at full maturity on human breast cancer and normal cells. The juice from young shoots, both in the native and digested form, was most often a significantly stronger inhibitor of the proliferation of both analyzed breast cancer cell lines (MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231), compared to the native and digested juice from red beetroot. Regardless of juice type, a significantly greater reduction was most often shown in the proliferation of estrogen-dependent cells (MCF-7 line) than of estrogen-independent cells (MDA-MB-231 line). All analyzed types of beetroot juice and, in particular, the ones from young shoots and the root subjected to digestion and absorption, exerted an antiproliferative and apoptotic effect (pinpointing the internal apoptosis pathway) on the cells of both cancer lines studied. There is a need to continue the research to comprehensively investigate the factors responsible for both these effects

Young Shoots and Mature Red Cabbage Inhibit Proliferation and Induce Apoptosis of Prostate Cancer Cell Lines

Prostate cancer is one of the most common cancers in men. Recent dietary and epidemiological studies have suggested the benefit of dietary intake of cruciferous vegetables in lowering the incidence of cancer. The health promoting effects of red cabbage are attributed to their mixture of phytochemicals known for their antioxidant and anticancer activity. In the current study, we investigated whether young shoots and mature red cabbage had any effect on prostate cancer cell lines (DU145 and LNCaP). Attempts were also made to identify the potential molecular mechanism(s) by which plant material elicits its biological effects on prostate cancer cell lines. Here we report that the studied vegetable inhibited the proliferation of cancer cells and that this process was associated with the induction of apoptosis via caspase-dependent and both extrinsic and intrinsic pathways. In addition, we also observed the regulation of genes and proteins associated with cell survival and apoptotic events