NF-κB1/IKKε Gene Expression and Clinical Activity in Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis

Artículo original científicoObjective: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a systemic and autoimmune disorder whose primary characteristic is the chronic inflammation of joints. The objective of this study was to evaluate whether there was an association between nuclear factor kappa beta1/IKK epsilon (NF-κB1/IKKε) gene expression and clinical activity in RA. Methods: Sixty patients with RA were included in the study: 30 with clinical activity and 30 with clinical remission. NF-κB1/IKKε gene expression was performed by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction through relative quantification with Taqman probes. A ROC curve for NF-κB1 and IKKε was also constructed. Results: There were significant differences in NF-κB1 and IKKε gene expression (P ≤ .001 and P ≤ .029, respectively) between RA patients with clinical activity and clinical remission. The multivariate lineal general model showed that the use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs influenced the NF-κB1 (P = .046) and IKKε (P = .005) expression. The ROC curves for the event "clinical activity" showed the greater area under the curve for NF-κB1 (0.827, 95% CI 0.717-0.937), P ≤ .001. Conclusion: Although the use of NSAIDs influences the NF-κB1/IKKε pathway, the IKKε expression might be a useful laboratorial analysis to evaluate the RA clinical activity

Discurso discriminatorio: prejuicios y estereotipos en torno a las personas solicitantes de asilo y protección internacional

Aproximación a los prejuicios y estereotipos que los estudiantes de Trabajo Social en la ciudad de Zaragoza tienen hacia las personas solicitantes de asilo y refugio.<br /

Blastocystis: Biología, Subtipos genéticos, patología y Tratamiento

Blastocystis es un chromista, unicelular, anaerobio, eucarionte que vive en el tracto intestinal de diversos hospederos incluyendo el humano. Existen diferentes morfologías del organismo, cada una con variaciones en morfología y tamaño, presentando varios subtipos (STs) de los cuales han sido identificados por estudios moleculares y epidemiológicos, que han puesto de manifiesto una diferencia significativa en la distribución de los subtipos a través de los huéspedes y regiones geográficas. En el tratamiento contra la infección de Blastocystis, se han usado una gran variedad de fármacos, sin embargo, se ha reportado una ineficacia de estos en el parásito.Blastocystis is a chromista, unicellular, anaerobic eukaryote living in the intestinal tract of different hosts including humans. There are different morphologies of the organism, each with variations in morphology and size, featuring several subtypes (STs) of which at molecular and epidemiological studies that have revealed a significant difference in the distribution of subtypes by guests and geographic regions have been identified. In the treatment of Blastocystis infection, have been used a variety of drugs, however, it has been reported in the inefficacy of these parasite. Furthermore, it has been a change in the biological behavior Blastocystis when treated to a drug, which is suggested to be due to, the possible resistance of the parasite to the drugs, which makes Blastocystis an organism even more pathogenic as well as the secretion of cysteine proteases, which play an important role in its pathogenesis. In this work recent advances in biology, pathogenesis, genetic variants and treatment and biological behavior to a drug and its association to various diseases is shown

Evaluation of the Effect of 1,3-Bis(4-Phenyl)-1H-1,2,3- Triazolyl-2-Propanolol on Gene Expression Levels of JAK2–STAT3, NF-jB, and SOCS3 in Cells Cultured from Biopsies of Mammary Lesions

El presente artículo es el resultado de la evaluación del efecto de un bistriazol mediante la expresión génica de JAK2, STAT3, SOCS3 y NF-κB, vías involucradas en lesiones benignas de mama posiblemente dependiente del índice de masa corporal, dando así una relación entre el cáncer y obesidad. En este estudio se calculó la concentración inhibitoria 50 del bistriazol en cultivos celulares de pacientes con lesión benigna (Probit = 4.6 μM con IC= 95 %). En 63 mujeres que acudieron a realizarse biopsia en el Hospital Materno Perinatal "Mónica Pretellini Sáenz", 21 fueron con cáncer, se les tomaron medidas antropométricas y biopsia de la lesión en mama, en la cual se determinó expresión génica y se realizó cultivo celular con el bistriazol a la concentración de 4.6 μM. Se encontró que el cáncer de mama está relacionado con edad mayor de 50 años (P≤ 0.01), sobrepeso (P≤ 0.023) y circunferencia cintura mayor de 80 cm (P≤ 0.01). La expresión génica de JAK2, STAT3 y NF-κB fue mayor en el grupo de pacientes con cáncer en cuanto que SOCS3 resultó ser menor. La expresión después de haber sido sometida al bistriazol, disminuyó la expresión de JAK2 y STAT3, aumentó la expresión de SOCS3 y de NF-κB. Se concluye que esta molécula en desarrollo tiene efecto en la expresión génica de JAK2 y STAT3. Sin embargo, la vía de expresión NF-κB no esta marcadamente involucrada en la regulación de la inflamación.Breast cancer is the most frequent neoplasia in women and is responsible for approximately 13.8% of deaths per year for this gender. It has been suggested that JAK2, STAT3, and NF-κB gene expression is involved in this type of cancer. The objective of the present study was to determine the effect of bistriazole in these signaling pathways in patients with breast cancer and benign mammary lesions. The inhibitory concentration 50 of bistriazole was calculated in cell cultures of patients with benign lesions, Probit = 4.6 μM with IC = 95%. The study was performed by examining 63 women who submitted to mammary biopsies. Biopsies of the mammary lesions were performed, gene expression was determined, and cells were cultured in the presence of 4.6 μM bistriazole. We found that breast cancer is related to age greater than 50 (P ≤ 0.01), being overweight (P ≤ 0.023) and having a waist circumference larger than 80 cm (P ≤ 0.01). The gene expression of JAK2, STAT3, and NF-κB was higher in groups of patients with breast cancer, while SOCS3 expression was lower. After being exposed to bistriazole, the expression of JAK2 and STAT3 decreased, and the expression of SOCS3 and NF-κB increased. In conclusion, this molecule in development has an effect on the gene expression of JAK3 and STAT3; nevertheless, the lack of change in NF-κB indicates that it is not a regulator of inflammation, and therefore, more studies should be performed

Anxiolytic- and antidepressant-like effects of an aqueous extract of Tanacetum parthenium L. Schultz-Bip (Asteraceae) in mice

En la medicina tradicional Danesa y del sur de África, Tanacetum parthenium se utiliza para el tratamiento de la epilepsia y convulsiones (Risa et al., 2004; Jäger et al., 2006). Sin embargo, aún no se sabe con certeza los componentes responsables de la actividad biológica, ni el mecanismo a través del cual actúan. En el presente trabajo se evaluó la capacidad ansiolítica y antidepresiva del extracto acuoso comparándolo con fármacos de referencia para estas enfermedades mediante pruebas de comportamiento ansiolítico como BBT y PMT, mientras que para el efecto antidepresivo se evaluaron con FST y la actividad ambulatoria por OFT. Se realizó la caracterización química del extracto acuoso de T. parthenium L. Schultz-Bip, en donde se identificaron los compuestos mayoritarios por análisis de HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS. De la caracterización química del extracto se aislaron dos compuestos mayoritarios: santina y santamarina. De acuerdo a los resultados, se pudo identificar los dos principales compuestos activos que pudieran ser los responsables de la actividad ansiolitíca y antidepresiva.Tanacetum parthenium L. Schultz-Bip (Asteraceae) is widely used worldwide in traditional medicine for the treatment of convulsions and culture-bound syndromes as susto (fear). The aim of this work was to evaluate the anxiolytic- and antidepressant-like effects of an aqueous extract of T. parthenium in behavioral paradigms in mice. The effects of T. parthenium were compared with those produced by anxyolitic- and antidepressant drugs. We carried out the chemical characterization of the main constituents of T. parthenium. The involvement with the GABAergic and serotoninergic neurotransmitter systems were explored be means of synergic and antagonist experiments. Material and Methods: The anxiolytic-like effect was evaluated using the Burying Behavior Test (BBT) and the Elevated Plus-Maze Test (PMT). The antidepressant-like effect was evaluated in the Forced Swimming Test (FST), and ambulatory activity was assessed in the Open Field Test (OFT). Employing the behavioral tests, synergism and antagonism experiments with alprazolam, Muscimol, and Picrotoxin were carried out in the PMT. In a series independent experiments, concomitant administration of T. parthenium and Alprazolam, Fluoxetine, or p-chlorophenylalanine were conducted in the FST. For the chemical characterization, High-Performance Liquid Chromatography-Electro Spray Ionization-Mass Spectrometry (HPLC-ESI-MS) analysis was performance. Results: T. parthenium exerts clears anxiolytic- and antidepressant-like effects in mice, without affectting the ambulatory activity of the experimental subjects. Conclusions: Anxiolytic- and antidepressant-like T. parthenium effects result, at least in part of the involvement of the GABAergic system. Our results support the use of Tanacetum parthenium in traditional medicine and suggest its therapeutic potential in the comorbid anxiety and depression

Expression of AdipoR1 and AdipoR2 Receptors as Leptin-Breast Cancer regulation mechanisms

: La obesidad es considerada como uno de los principales factores de riesgo implicados en el desarrollo del cáncer de mama y se ha documentado el papel que juega el tejido adiposo a través de Leptina y Adiponectina. El estudio de estas proteínas ha determinado su importancia en el desarrollo y progreso del cáncer de mama, pero muy pocos son los que han estudiado a AdipoR1 y AdipoR2 y la influencia de la Leptina sobre ellos. Se planteó el analizó la expresión de AdipoR1 y AdipoR2 modulada por concentraciones diferenciales de Leptina en un modelo de obesidad asociado a cáncer de mama en líneas celulares, utilizando sondas TaqMan®, mediado por concentraciones diferenciales de Leptina en líneas celulares. Seguido se llevó a cabo la extracción de RNA, obtención de cDNA (Retrotranscripción) y PCR en tiempo real. Se caracterizó cada línea celular por medio de Inmunohistoquímica. Concluyendo con base en los resultados que la concentración de normo-peso (10ng/mL) de leptina generó un incremento de la expresión de ambos receptores de adiponectina.The development of breast cancer is influenced by the adipose tissue through the proteins leptin and adiponectin. However, there is little research concerning AdipoR1 and AdipoR2 receptors and the influence of leptin over them. The objective of this work was to analyze the expression of AdipoR1 and AdipoR2, modulated by differential concentrations of leptin in an obesity model (10ng/mL, 100ng/mL, and 1000ng/mL) associated with breast cancer in MCF-7 and HCC1937 cell lines. Each cell was characterized through immunohistochemistry, and the expression of AdipoR1 and AdipoR2 was analyzed by PCR in real time using TaqMan® probes. Leptin induced an increase in cell population of MCF-7 (23.8%, 10ng/m, 48 h) and HCC1937 (17.24%, 1000ng/mL, 72 h). In MCF-7, the expression of AdipoR1 decreased (3.81%, 1000ng/Ml) and the expression of AdipoR2 increased by 13.74 times (10ng/mL) with regard to the control. In HCC1937, the expression of AdipoR1 decreases by 86.28% (10ng/mL), as well as the expression of AdipoR1 and AdipoR2 mRNA

Toxicological hazard induced by sucralose to environmentally relevant concentrations in common carp (Cyprinus carpio)

Esta investigación se realizó con la intención de identificar el daño ecotoxicológico que producen en la biota acuática algunos productos edulcorantes aparentemente inocuos al ambiente. En este estudio se identificó el potencial inducido de estrés oxidativo sobre la Cyprinus carpio, una especie de interés comercial. Las carpas fueron expuestas a dos diferentes concentraciones de importancia ambiental. Los resultados mostraron un incremento en los biomarcadores de daño oxidativo especialmente en la actividad de enzimas antioxidantes en las branquias y músculo, evidenciando el impacto ambiental de estos agentes sobre especies acuáticas.Sucralose (SUC) is an artificial sweetener that is now widely used in North American and Europe; it has been detected in a wide variety of aquatic environments. It is considered safe for human consumption but its effects in the ecosystem have not yet been studied in depth, since limited ecotoxicological data are available in the peer-reviewed literature. This study aimed to evaluate potential SUC-induced toxicological hazard in the blood, brain, gill, liver and muscle of Cyprinus carpio using oxidative stress biomarkers. Carps were exposed to two different environmentally relevant concentrations (0.05 and 155μgL-1) for different exposure times (12, 24, 48, 72 and 96h). The following biomarkers were evaluated: lipid peroxidation (LPX), hydroperoxide content (HPC) and protein carbonyl content (PCC), as well as the activity of antioxidant enzymes, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT). SUC was determined by high pressure liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry techniques (HPLC)-MS/MS. Results show a statically significant increase in LPX, HPC, PCC (P<0.05) especially in gill, brain and muscle, as well as significant changes in the activity of antioxidant enzymes in gill and muscle. Furthermore, the biomarkers employed in this study are useful in the assessment of the environmental impact of this agent on aquatic species

Optimization of the physic, optical and mechanical properties of a composite edible films of gelatin, whey protein and chitosan

Artículo indizadoThe aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of the concentration of gelatin (G) (3–6 g), whey protein (W) (2.5–7.5 g) and chitosan (C) (0.5–2.5 g) on the physical, optical and mechanical properties of composite edible films (CEFs) using the response surface methodology (RSM), as well as optimizing the formulation for the packaging of foods. The results of the study were evaluated via first‐ and second‐order multiple regression analysis to obtain the determination coefficient val‐ ues with a good fit (R ˃ 0.90) for each of the response variables, except for the values of solubility and b*. The individual linear effect of the independent variables (the concentrations of gelatin, whey protein and chitosan) significantly affected (p ≤ 0.05) the water vapor permeability (WVP), strength and solubility of the edible films. The WVP of the edible films varied from 0.90 to 1.62 × 10−11 g.m/Pa.s.m2, the resistance to traction varied from 0.47 MPa to 3.03 MPa and the solubility varied from 51.06% to 87%. The optimized values indicated that the CEF prepared with a quantity of 4 g, 5 g and 3 g of gelatin, whey protein and chitosan, respectively, provided the CEF with a smooth, continuous and transparent surface, with L values that resulted in a light‐yellow hue, a lower WVP, a maximum strength (resistance to traction) and a lower solubility. The results revealed that the optimized formulation of the CEF of G–W–C allowed a good validation of the prediction model and could be applied, in an effective manner, to the food packaging industry, which could help in miti‐ gating the environmental issues associated with synthetic packaging materials.Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologí

Implantación de un visor GIS con software libre en la Comunidad de Regantes del Trasvase Tajo-Segura de Totana, Murcia

En el ámbito del desarrollo de software orientado a la implementación de sistemas de información geográfica, una de las empresas de referencia a nivel internacional es la multinacional estadounidense Esri. En particular, en el contexto de los visores cartográficos para la web, por la experiencia del usuario que aportan. No obstante, la utilización de visores, tal y como los ofrece Esri en su sitio web, queda circunscrita al consumo de servicios ArcGIS Server, que sólo se pueden gestionar mediante la aplicación de Esri ArcGIS for Server. El elevado coste de la adquisición de este software propicia, en muchos casos, la búsqueda de soluciones alternativas, que casi siempre pasan por la utilización de librerías de desarrollo de código abierto, como son OpenLayers, GeoExt y ExtJS, entre otras. En este trabajo se plantea una propuesta que aprovecha las características funcionales del visor de Esri, evitando recurrir a ArcGIS for Server como servidor de mapas. Esto es posible gracias a la generación de servicios WMS y WFS a partir de software libre (servidores de mapas MapServer o GeoServer) y, al hecho de que Esri mantenga liberado bajo la licencia Apache 2.0 el código de su visor, permitiendo la alteración del código, lo que permite implementar capacidades funcionales nuevas, como la recuperación interactiva de datos temáticos (operación GetFeatureInfo en servicios WMS) y las búsquedas multicriterio sobre el mapa (operación GetFeature en servicios WFS). Este visor de La Compañía® ha sido implantado con éxito en la Comunidad de Regantes del Trasvase Tajo-Segura de Totana en Murcia, poniendo de manifiesto de que con software libre es posible construir visores con las mismas y/o mejores funcionalidades que los visores implementados con software propietario, y reforzar las ventajas en el ahorro de costes aplicando software libre, logrando con ello independencia tecnológica de las empresas que comercializan software propietario

Exploring the Antioxidant, Neuroprotective, and Anti-Inflammatory Potential of Olive Leaf Extracts from Spain, Portugal, Greece, and Italy

The leaves of the olive tree (Olea europaea L.) are one of the major solid wastes from the olive industry. Globally, the European Union is the largest producer of olive by-products, with Spain, Italy, Greece, and Portugal accounting for almost the entire production. Many questions remain to be solved concerning olive leaves (OL), including those related to possible differences in composition and/or biological activities depending on their geographical origin. In the present work, OL from Spain, Italy, Greece, and Portugal have been characterized according to their phytochemical profile, antioxidant capacity, neuroprotective activity, and anti-inflammatory effects. The Spanish and Italian OL samples presented the highest antioxidant and neuroprotective activities, while the Greek OL showed the lowest. These results were strongly associated with the content of oleoside methyl ester and p-hydroxybenzoic acid for the Spanish and Italian samples, respectively, whereas the content of decarboxymethyl elenolic acid dialdehyde form (hydrated) was negatively associated with the mentioned biological activities of the Greek samples. No country-related effect was observed in the anti-inflammatory activity of OL. Comprehensively, this work could provide a useful tool for manufacturers and R&D departments in making environmentally friendly decisions on how OL can be used to generate nutraceutical products based on the composition and origin of this by-productPRIMA EU programSUSTAINOLIVE grant n 1811PID2019-106778RB-I00, funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 FEDER “Una Manera de Hacer Europ