Variations in the offence actions of deliberate firesetters:A cross-national analysis

Since Canter and Fritzon first introduced their “4D” classification system for arson, many studies have replicated the model with samples of arsonists from around the world. However, scholars have reported differences in the offence actions of arsonists across samples. No study as yet has attempted to statically examine the relevance of these differences. Using multidimensional scaling procedures and two-way chi-square contingency analyses, this study examined whether cross-national differences in arson variables existed between Australian and British arsonists. The results indicated that differences did exist and, furthermore, that differences reflected the environmental characteristics of the country from which each sample was drawn. These findings have important theoretical and clinical implications, particularly for the utility of the “4D” model as an investigatory tool and for the wider arson profiling literature. </jats:p

Age and Aesthetics in James Abbott McNeill Whistler’s Arrangement in Grey and Black: Portrait of the Painter’s Mother (1871)

When one begins looking for them in the visual culture of the nineteenth century, aging and aged bodies crop up in a variety of media, styles, and contexts: in drawings, paintings, and sculptures; in popular history paintings and more obscure aesthetic experiments; in artists’ biographies and critics’ writings. However, the discipline of art history has yet to engage with the master identity that is old age, and practitioners of age studies have yet to truly utilize visual primary sources. This article breaks new scholarly ground by interrogating the relationship between old age and the visual in one of the most famous and best-loved representations of an elderly person in nineteenth-century painting: James Abbott McNeill Whistler’s Arrangement in Grey and Black: Portrait of the Painter’s Mother (1871). The sitter for Whistler’s painting was his then sixty-seven-year-old mother, Anna McNeill Whistler. In this article, I propose that it was Anna’s aged body that caused or, rather, enabled Whistler to have an artistic revelation that was to define his approach to the visual and aesthetics, and propel him to notorious fame

The principal and parent teacher association.

Thesis (Ed.M.)--Boston Universit

L2 attitude and motivation of secondary, undergraduate, and postgraduate ESL learners in India

Second language (L2) attitude and motivation-related studies focusing on differences caused by age have mostly highlighted the temporal dimension of L2 attitude and motivation. Age-related L2 motivation studies have also been gainfully employed at comparisons between L2 learners of different age groups recruited from different L2 learning environments. Such studies have not, however, attempted an analysis of the L2 attitudinal and motivational differences that may exist among L2 learners within a closer age range, e.g., 18 to 25 years. This article presents the findings of an L2 attitude and motivation survey, using a modified version of Dӧrnyei et al. (2006) and Ryan (2005), conducted among secondary, undergraduate, and postgraduate English as a second language (ESL) learners (N210) in India. It primarily presents a comparative analysis of the L2 attitudinal and motivational constructs of integrativeness, instrumentality, cultural interest, linguistic self-confidence, and L2 anxiety attested in the sample. Additionally, it offers a description of the correlation between the five L2 attitudinal and motivational constructs concerning the different ESL groups. As the ESL learners across the academic levels demonstrated ESL motivation more on the side of instrumentality, they also reported linguistic self-confidence more in the familiar environment of an L2 classroom than outside of it. Since better motivational strategies enhance learner dedication to the learning of a certain L2, an elaborated understanding of the specific differences in L2 attitude and motivation within this important age range should help design more useful and effective L2 pedagogical methods