Rewards Affecting the Organizational Concerns

To obtain and maintain a high-performing workforce, an enterprise must develop a well-conceived compensation program. In addition to a salary, employees may be rewarded with benefit plans, bonuses, perquisites, stock options, and other long-term incentives. The main purpose of this article is to study how rewards affect employee perceptions, attitudes, and behavior in a variety of ways. Also, the purpose of this article is to analyze how organizational efficiency and effectiveness are affected as well. The organizational concerns that are influenced by rewards, analyzed in this article, are turnover and absenteeism, performance, and commitment. In order to retain the best performers, to achieve high-levels of performance and to increase organizational commitment, managers must develop reward systems considering individual differences, integrating individual and organizational goals, designing challenging jobs.reward; turnover; absenteeism; job performance; organizational commitment.

Intergroups Conflict Patterns

In the endeavour of explaining the causes and mechanisms which fundament the emergence of conflicts, researchers have elaborated theoretical conflict patterns. Some researchers consider that conflict patterns describe either the process or the structure of a contrariety situation. Through the process pattern, there are identified events which characterize a conflict and the succession connection between different stages. Structural patterns define favourable conditions and describe the way in which they influence the conflictual behaviour. Another group of patterns have the purpose of describing organizational conflicts. Among the conflict patterns, the ones which have special importance from both a managerial theoretical and practical point of view are the following: process pattern, structural pattern and organizational pattern. Also, the paper describes the ways for managing the conflicts and the process of negotiation.process pattern of conflict; structural pattern of conflict; organizational patterns of conflict; managing the conflict; negotiations.

A New Educational Model for Criminality Prevention

Solon said that, in order to be free, a citizen had to study; education was the ground of democracy and in Athens there was no illiterate citizen. The education was both of the body as well as of the soul in a natural continuity... Plato was even aware that in all that there was, there was a core of “dissension” (entropie) that sooner or later led to the fall. He tried to set a fortress model that would minimize the effects of this core of destruction. In the dialogue entitled „Republica”, he pointed out that it was in the power of man to minimize the evil and to build a harmonious fortress that would prevent the destruction. The idea of harmony, which is to be found also in music and mathematics, is extended also to the relations between people.

Traces of Old Visual Patterns in the Romanian Modern Painting

The contribution intents to stretch out the way certain visual sequences of old Romanian or Byzantine art are brought back to life in the Romanian modern age. Some study cases reveal specific ways of using and understanding the cultural tradition. In the first two decades of the 20th century the artistic research regarding the past is connected to the concept of national identity. One of the pioneers in this field was the theorist artist Apcar Baltazar, well-known for his attempts to construct a “national style” on the basis of Romanian folk elements and the post-Byzantine style. His viewpoint on a modern national style established upon past decorative patterns, indebted to Symbolism and the international style Art Nouveau, represents a start in developing spiritualized forms inspired from archaic arts. The discourse on history, in the manner of eclectic quotations from the painting of Baltazar, was exceeded by history itself. The First World War changed life and art, increasing the dramatism of image, the harsh simplicity of line, the flattening of color present in the entire production of the generation of artists grouped in 1920 around the association Arta Română (Romanian Art). Artists like Tonitza, Dimitrescu, Sion, Șirato reinterpreted and adapted the aesthetics of Romanian old mural painting and rustic elements to the modern artistic language. The Byzantine tradition, a long-lasting paradigm (in the situation in which artists accepted commands of the Christian Orthodox Church as a way of living), was lightly assimilated by strong personalities, but tangible in the propaganda discourse of the Neo-Orthodox movement

In situ and in vitro comparative study on the bioproductivity of Arnicae folium et caulis from the northern area of the Romanian eastern carpathians

Arnica montana L. is an important plant bioresource, being traditionally used as medicinal plant, for which the scientific and economic interest remains at a high level. The aim of our study was to evaluate the bioproductivity for Arnicae folium et caulis in terms of biomass and content in biological active compounds originating from the wild populations and in vitro experimental cultures – under controlled environment. In situ biomass production registered variations, probably due to the different environmental features and also to the management strategies for each site. The development of in vitro cultures had as purpose the evaluation of the biomass production and production of plant material for the phytochemical screening. The Arnicae folium et caulis samples harvested from the wild populations have a higher content in phenolic acids than the Arnicae flos from the same area, but the total content in sesquiterpen-lactones was significantly lower. In contrast, the samples originating from the in vitro cultures had a low content in phenolic compounds and a high content in sesquiterpen-lactones, comparable with Arnicae flos