Root Resorption in Orthodontics

WOS: 000439324700004PubMed ID: 30112483Root resorption has been the subject of many studies, and it can be caused by many factors such as the mechanics used during orthodontic treatment, factors related to the type and magnitude of the force, and other factors related to treatment such as the type of tooth movement and malocclusion. The clinical importance of root resorption is directly related to its detectability. Therefore, orthodontic and biological factors that may cause root resorption were evaluated using various imaging methods in present use. In this review, root resorption in orthodontics was considered from different viewpoints

Evaluation of the cervical vertebral anomalies in patients with cleft lip and palate in Aegean region of Turkey

Objective: To identify the cervical vertebral anomalies in patients with cleft lip and palate, and to compare unilateral and bilateral cleft lip and palate. Methods: The retrospective cohort study was conducted in 2018 at Department of Orthodontics, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey, and comprised non-deteriorated lateral cephalometric radiographs of non-syndromic patients which showed the entire cervical spine. The radiographs were divided into two groups, with group A having those of patients with cleft lip and palate exposure, and control group B having those with non-exposure. Within group A, unilateral and bilateral cleft lip and palate cases were compared. Data was analysed using SPSS 22. Results: Of the 220 subjects, 110(50%) were in group A with a mean age of 15 +/- 6.3 years, and 110(50%) were in group B with a mean age of 15 +/- 2.1 years. Within group A, 56(50.9%) subjects had unilateral and 54(49.1%) had bilateral cleft lip and palate. Cervical vertebral anomalies were found in 71(64.5%) patients and 45(40.9%) controls (p<0.001). Among those with bilateral condition, it was found in 41(75.9%) and in unilateral 56(56.6%) (p<0.05). Occipitalisation was 21(38.9%) in bilateral and 4(7.1%) in unilateral cases (p<0.001). Fusion was higher in bilateral patients 16(63%) compared to 23(41.1%) unilateral (p<0.05). Posterior arch deficiencies were found in 30(27.3%) patients in group A and 18(16.4%) controls in group B (p<0.05). Fusion was seen in 57(51.8%) group A patients and 33(30%) group B controls (p<0.001). Conclusion: Cervical vertebral anomalies were mostly found in patients with cleft lip and palate. In patients with bilateral condition, more than one anomaly was seen

Visual perception of faces with unilateral and bilateral cleft lip and palate: An Eye-Tracking Study

WOS: 000397052400006PubMed ID: 28102012Objectives: To test the hypotheses that there are differences between orthodontists, individuals with cleft lip and palate (CLP) and laypersons in the visual perception of faces with unilateral (UCLP) and bilateral cleft lip and palate (BCLP), the faces with UCLP and BCLP are visually perceived differently and the hierarchy of visual attention changes when viewing individuals with CLP. Setting and Sample Population: Department of Orthodontics and Experimental Psychology at Ege University, Izmir. Sixty images ( faces with a social smile and at rest) of 30 volunteers (unaffected controls, UCLP, BCLP) were viewed by 80 participants: orthodontists, individuals with CLP and laypersons. Materials and Methods: Eye fixations on four areas of interest were quantified: eyes, nose, upper lip and lower lip-chin. Time to first fixation, fixation before, fixation count and fixation duration parameters were analysed. Results: Orthodontists fixated on the upper-lip area more often than laypersons or individuals with CLP (F-2.144= 8.47, P=. 00,. eta(2) =. 19 in faces at rest). The upper-lip area received more fixations (F2.144=21.93, P=. 00,. eta(2) =. 23) and longer fixation durations ( F2.144= 28.86, P=. 00,. eta(2) =. 27) from all participants who gazed on faces with UCLP and a social smile. Conclusion: The hypotheses of the study were supported. Orthodontists and laypersons focused more attention on the upper lip and eyes in the resting position, respectively. The upper-lip area of the BCLP images captured more attention at rest

Comparative Evaluation of Nasopharyngeal Airways of Unilateral Cleft Lip and Palate Patients Using Three-Dimensional and Two-Dimensional Methods

WOS: 000314509600003PubMed ID: 22558918Aim: Comparison of nasopharyngeal airway dimensions among UCLP patients and the control group. Materials and Methods: Computed tomography imaging data and cephalometric films of 20 patients with UCLP and 20 controls were acquired prior to treatment. Three-dimensional (3D) reconstructions of nasal, superior, middle, and inferior pharyngeal airways were carried out from dicom data, and volumes of these compartments were calculated. Nasal width and superior, middle, and inferior nasopharyngeal areas were calculated from cephalometric films. Results: The only statistically significant difference among the cleft and noncleft patients was detected in nasal volume (p < .01). Upper and middle pharyngeal airway areas were found to display significant larger areas in the noncleft group on cephalometric appraisal. Nonsignificantly larger nasal widths were measured in the cleft group. Discussion and Conclusion: Evaluation of the nasopharyngeal airways of cleft and noncleft patients was done, resulting in only the nasal region showing statistically significant difference. Our results showed significantly lower nasal volume measurements of cleft patients when compared with the healthy individuals (p < .01). This inadequacy can be interpreted as an outcome of the deficiency. The controversy among results of cephalometric appraisal and 3D imaging can be associated with superimpositions, density, and contrast inadequacies and obscured landmarks. When 2D data are compared with 3D data, the former can be insufficient and therefore deceiving. Consequently, although the radiation dose of 3D imaging systems is greater, they have the advantage of superior diagnostic outputs

Effects of soy and rice flour addition on batter rheology and quality of deep-fat fried chicken nuggets

The effects of soy flour (5%) and rice flour (5%) addition to the batter formulation on quality of deep-fat fried chicken nuggets were evaluated. Coating pick-up of batters, and moisture content, oil content, texture, color and porosity of nuggets were determined for 3, 6, 9 and 12 min of frying times at 180 degrees C. A batter formulation with no flour addition was used as control. Additionally, the rheological properties of batters were studied and coating pick-up was found to be directly proportional to batter viscosity. All batters were found to show thixotropic behavior. The batters were modeled as power-law fluids and all of them were shear-thinning. Soy flour provided the highest apparent viscosity and was found to be an effective ingredient in improving quality parameters in terms of crispness and color. Both soy flour and rice flour provided reduced oil absorption as compared to the control

Effects of batters containing different protein types on the quality of deep-fat-fried chicken nuggets

The effects of soy protein isolate (SPI), whey protein isolate (WPI) and egg albumen ( EA) on the quality of deep-fat-fried chicken nuggets were studied. Batter without protein addition was used as a control. Batter pickup and moisture content, oil content, texture, porosity and colour of the nuggets were determined for 3, 6, 9 and 12 min of frying at 180 degrees C. Additionally, the rheological properties of batters were studied. SPI (3%) provided the highest apparent viscosity and coating pickup. All the batters showed shear-thinning behaviour except EA-added batter. Addition of different proteins to the batter formulation decreased the oil content of the final product. EA reduced the oil content of chicken nuggets significantly but yielded softer products. WPI ( 3%) was found to be the most effective ingredient on improving quality parameters of deep-fat-fried chicken nuggets. WPI ( 3%) added batters provided the hardest and crunchiest product with the darkest colour and also significantly reduced the oil content of the fried nuggets

Biomechanical evaluation of sagittal maxillary internal distraction osteogenesis in unilateral cleft lip and palate patient and noncleft patients A three-dimensional finite element analysis

WOS: 000341225800009PubMed ID: 24552304Objective: To compare the pattern and amount of stress and displacement during maxillary sagittal distraction osteogenesis (DO) between a patient with unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP) and a noncleft patient. Materials and Methods: Three-dimensional finite element models for both skulls were constructed. Displacements of the surface landmarks and stress distributions in the circummaxillary sutures were analyzed after an anterior displacement of 6 mm was loaded to the elements where the inferior plates of the distractor were assumed to be fixed and were below the Le Fort I osteotomy line. Results: In sagittal plane, more forward movement was found on the noncleft side in the UCLP model (-6.401 mm on cleft side and -6.651 mm on noncleft side for the central incisor region). However, similar amounts of forward movement were seen in the control model. In the vertical plane, a clockwise rotation occurred in the UCLP model, whereas a counterclockwise rotation was seen in the control model. The mathematical UCLP model also showed higher stress values on the sutura nasomaxillaris, frontonasalis, and zygomatiomaxillaris on the cleft side than on the normal side. Conclusions: Not only did the sagittal distraction forces produce advancement forces at the intermaxillary sutures, but more stress was also present on the sutura nasomaxillaris, sutura frontonasalis, and sutura zygomaticomaxillaris on the cleft side than on the noncleft side