S-4-Chloro­phenyl 9,10-dihydro­acridine-9-carbothio­ate

In tricyclic fragment of the title mol­ecule, C20H14ClNOS, the central 1,4-dihydro­pyridine ring adopts a boat conformation while the two benzene rings form a dihedral angle of 17.38 (5)°. In the crystal structure, weak inter­molecular N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds link the mol­ecules into chains propagating along the b axis

9-(Biphenyl-4-yl­oxycarbon­yl)-10-methyl­acridinium trifluoro­methane­sulfonate

In the crystal structure of the title compound, C27H20NO2 +·CF3SO3 −, the cations form inversion dimers through π–π inter­actions between the acridine ring systems [centroid-centroid distances = 3.668 (2)–3.994 (2) Å]. These dimers are further linked by C—H⋯O and C—H⋯π inter­actions. The cation and the anion are connected by C—H⋯O inter­actions. The mean plane of the acridine ring system makes dihedral angles of 10.6 (1) and 82.5 (1)°, respectively, with the adjacent phenyl ring and the carb­oxy group. The two phenyl rings of the biphenyl group are oriented at 42.9 (1)°

Control of the chemiluminescence spectrum with porous Bragg mirrors

Tunable, battery free light emission is demonstrated in a solid state device that is compatible with lab on a chip technology and easily fabricated via solution processing techniques. A porous one dimensional (1D) photonic crystal (also called Bragg stack or mirror) is infiltrated by chemiluminescence rubrene-based reagents. The Bragg mirror has been designed to have the photonic band gap overlapping with the emission spectrum of rubrene. The chemiluminescence reaction occurs in the intrapores of the photonic crystal and the emission spectrum of the dye is modulated according to the photonic band gap position. This is a compact, powerless emitting source that can be exploited in disposable photonic chip for sensing and point of care applications.Comment: 8 pages, 3 figure

Synthesis and chemiluminescent characteristics of two new acridinium esters

Two new acridinium esters with a 2-(succinimidyloxycarbonyl)ethyl side arm, namely, 9-(2,6-dibromophenoxycarbonyl)-10-methyl-2-(2-(succinimidyloxycarbonyl)ethyl)acridinium trifluoromethanesulfonate and 9-(4-(2-(succinimidyloxycarbonyl)ethyl)phenoxycarbonyl)-2,7-dimethoxy-10-methylacridinium triflate, have been produced and characterized. The chemiluminescent properties and hydrolytic stabilities of the new acridinium esters have been investigated

Ultrasound-Enhanced Chemiluminescence for Bioimaging

Tissue imaging has emerged as an important aspect of theragnosis. It is essential not only to evaluate the degree of the disease and thus provide appropriate treatments, but also to monitor the delivery of administered drugs and the subsequent recovery of target tissues. Several techniques including magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), computational tomography (CT), acoustic tomography (AT), biofluorescence (BF) and chemiluminescence (CL), have been developed to reconstruct three-dimensional images of tissues. While imaging has been achieved with adequate spatial resolution for shallow depths, challenges still remain for imaging deep tissues. Energy loss is usually observed when using a magnetic field or traditional ultrasound (US), which leads to a need for more powerful energy input. This may subsequently result in tissue damage. CT requires exposure to radiation and a high dose of contrast agent to be administered for imaging. The BF technique, meanwhile, is affected by strong scattering of light and autofluorescence of tissues. The CL is a more selective and sensitive method as stable luminophores are produced from physiochemical reactions, e.g. with reactive oxygen species. Development of near infrared-emitting luminophores also bring potential for application of CL in deep tissues and whole animal studies. However, traditional CL imaging requires an enhancer to increase the intensity of low-level light emissions, while reducing the scattering of emitted light through turbid tissue environment. There has been interest in the use of focused ultrasound (FUS), which can allow acoustic waves to propagate within tissues and modulate chemiluminescence signals. While light scattering is decreased, the spatial resolution is increased with the assistance of US. In this review, chemiluminescence detection in deep tissues with assistance of FUS will be highlighted to discuss its potential in deep tissue imaging

An overview on flow methods for the chemiluminescence determination of phosphorus

A review on the flow analysis of phosphorus with chemiluminescence detection is presented. A brief discussion of the chemiluminescence principles and applications is given. Particular emphasis is devoted to coupling different flow techniques (flow injection, sequential injection, multicommutation, multisyringe flow injection, multi-pumping) to chemiluminescence detection. Enzymatic and non-enzymatic methods, mostly applied to environmental samples, are summarized and compared in terms of application range, detection limits, flow configuration, repeatability and sampling rate

Determination of Iron(II) Concentrations in Seawater Using Flow Injection Analysis and Chemiluminescence

Phytoplankton are a major consumer of carbon dioxide. In theory, if phytoplankton are limited in number, more carbon dioxide will be present in the atmosphere and contribute to the greenhouse effect. An increased concentration of iron would, therefore, promote phytoplankton blooms that would consume carbon dioxide. There would then be less carbon dioxide in the atmosphere to prevent heat from radiating away from earth. In 1996, an iron seeding experiment was performed in the open ocean to determine whether phytoplankton density would be increased. Phytoplankton rapidly increased in number. The research project results suggested that iron seeding the polar oceans would cause atmospheric carbon dioxide to decrease by as much as 10%.19 Decreasing atmospheric carbon dioxide is beneficial because over abundance of this substance in the atmosphere causes the Green House Effect. Carbon dioxide prevents radiant heat from leaving earth, thereby increasing the overall temperature.Iron can be present in ion form or metal form. The ion forms come in two ways: either iron (II) or iron(III). It is the iron (II) that is the important nutrient for phytoplankton and the iron being assessed. lron(III), however, forms an organic complex that is used by protozoan and . I zooplankton as an uptake nutrient.1 The development of special iron (II) defecting systems would allow a better understanding of the relationship between iron(II) concentrations and phytoplankton growth. Currently, the relationship is poorly understood among scientists. Knowing the iron (II) concentrations will, therefore, enhance our knowledge of the biochemical processes in ocean waters

Flotation Immunoassay: Masking the Signal from Free Reporters in Sandwich Immunoassays

In this work, we demonstrate that signal-masking reagents together with appropriate capture antibody carriers can eliminate the washing steps in sandwich immunoassays. A flotation immunoassay (FI) platform was developed with horseradish peroxidase chemiluminescence as the reporter system, the dye Brilliant Blue FCF as the signal-masking reagent, and buoyant silica micro-bubbles as the capture antibody carriers. Only reporters captured on micro-bubbles float above the dye and become visible in an analyte-dependent manner. These FIs are capable of detecting proteins down to attomole levels and as few as 106 virus particles. This signal-masking strategy represents a novel approach to simple, sensitive and quantitative immunoassays in both laboratory and point-of-care settings

Chemiluminescence methods (present and future)

This article provides a general review of chemiluminescent methods in some of their recent applications in drug analysis, sea water analysis or antioxidant activity of natural and synthetic products (including olive oil). Practical considerations are not included in the review since the main interest is to state, through the aforementioned applications, that chemiluminescence has been, is, and will be a versatile tool for Analytical Chemistry in future years.<br><br>Este art&#237;culo da una visi&#243;n general de los m&#233;todos de quimiluminiscencia en algunas de las aplicaciones m&#225;s recientes en an&#225;lisis de drogas, an&#225;lisis del agua marina o la actividad antioxidante de productos naturales y de s&#237;ntesis (incluyendo el aceite de oliva). Las consideraciones pr&#225;cticas no est&#225;n incluidas ya que el principal inter&#233;s es establecer, a trav&#233;s de las aplicaciones mencionadas, que la quimiluminiscencia ha sido, es y ser&#225; en los pr&#243;ximos a&#241;os una herramienta vers&#225;til de la Qu&#237;mica Anal&#237;tica

Rapid highly sensitive general protein quantification through on-chip chemiluminescence.

Protein detection and quantification is a routinely performed procedure in research laboratories, predominantly executed either by spectroscopy-based measurements, such as NanoDrop, or by colorimetric assays. The detection limits of such assays, however, are limited to μ M concentrations. To establish an approach that achieves general protein detection at an enhanced sensitivity and without necessitating the requirement for signal amplification steps or a multicomponent detection system, here, we established a chemiluminescence-based protein detection assay. Our assay specifically targeted primary amines in proteins, which permitted characterization of any protein sample and, moreover, its latent nature eliminated the requirement for washing steps providing a simple route to implementation. Additionally, the use of a chemiluminescence-based readout ensured that the assay could be operated in an excitation source-free manner, which did not only permit an enhanced sensitivity due to a reduced background signal but also allowed for the use of a very simple optical setup comprising only an objective and a detection element. Using this assay, we demonstrated quantitative protein detection over a concentration range of five orders of magnitude and down to a high sensitivity of 10 pg mL - 1 , corresponding to pM concentrations. The capability of the platform presented here to achieve a high detection sensitivity without the requirement for a multistep operation or a multicomponent optical system sets the basis for a simple yet universal and sensitive protein detection strategy.Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council Schmidt Science Fellows program in partnership with the Rhodes Trust European Research Council Newman Foundatio