Bright X-ray pulsars as sources of MeV neutrinos in the sky

High mass accretion rate onto strongly magnetised neutron stars results in the appearance of accretion columns supported by the radiation pressure and confined by the strong magnetic field of a star. At mass accretion rates above $\sim 10^{19}\,{\rm g\,s^{-1}}$, accretion columns are expected to be advective. Under such conditions, a noticeable part of the total energy release can be carried away by neutrinos of a MeV energy range. Relying on a simple model of the neutrino luminosity of accreting strongly magnetised neutron stars, we estimate the neutrino energy fluxes expected from six ULX pulsars known up to date and three brightest Be X-ray transits hosting magnetised neutron stars. Despite the large neutrino luminosity expected in ULX pulsars, the neutrino energy flux from the Be X-ray transients of our Galaxy, SMC and LMC is dominant. However, the neutrino flux from the brightest X-ray transients is estimated to be below the isotropic background by two orders of magnitude at least, which makes impossible direct registration of neutrino emission from accreting strongly magnetised neutron stars nowadays.Comment: 7 pages, 6 figures, submitted to MNRA

The problem of dissemination of extremist materials on the Internet in the period 2014–2016 based on the analysis of open sources on the example of the Russian Federation

Extremist crimes, which are ubiquitous not only in the Russian Federation, but also in many countries of the world, represent an increasing danger every day. This is largely due to the fact that they are provoked and committed using the Internet, which currently unites a wide variety of communities, serves as an important information resource and way of spreading various ideas, opinions, but also propaganda. In order to identify various facts and trends that allow us to voice conclusions and possible risks, the content analysis method was used. The structure of materials, specific sites for their placement were considered, quantitative and qualitative indicators were correlated. The relevance of the work is to counteract extremism and prevent extremist manifestations in connection with their incessant growth through informing, conducting relevant research and analytical works and their further dissemination in the scientific and student environment, in educational publications.Преступления экстремистской направленности, повсеместно встречающиеся не только в Российской Федерации, но и во многих странах мира, представляют с каждым днем все большую опасность. Это связано во многом с тем, что они провоцируются и совершаются с использованием сети Интернет, которая в настоящее время объединяет самые разнообразные сообщества, является важнейшим информационным ресурсом и средством распространения различных идей, мнений, а также пропаганды. С целью выявления различных фактов и тенденций, позволяющих сделать выводы и оценить возможные риски, был применен метод контент-анализа. Были рассмотрены структура материалов, конкретные площадки их размещения, соотнесены количественные и качественные показатели. Актуальность работы заключается в противодействии экстремизму и профилактике экстремистских проявлений в связи с их непрекращающимся ростом через информирование, проведение соответствующих исследовательско-аналитических работ и их дальнейшее распространение в научной и студенческой среде, в учебных изданиях

Chemical purification of meat industry wastewater

The way of fat and protein removal from meat industry wastewater is presented. The fine oil-water emulsions are degraded by solubilization with protein-reactant interpolymer complex. The lignosulfonic acid (LSA) is used as reactant. The correlation of LSA addition and protein content in water is revealed by photoelectrocolorimetry. The complexation of fat, protein, and LSA molecules is accompanied with the flotation and sedimentation of the reaction products. The LSA treatment of wastewater allows to decrease fat and protein contents down to maximum allowable concentrations

AMBIENT SEISMIC NOISE VARIATIONS BEFORE EARTHQUAKES IN THE BAIKAL RIFT SYSTEM

This paper proposes a method to observe the pre-earthquake features based on the variations in ambient noises using local moderate and strong seismic events as an example. Eight earthquakes in the Baikal rift system with energy classes K=10.1–15.9 were associated to a significant decrease in the level of ambient noises at epicentral distances from 3 to 81 km a few hours before the shock. The observed decrease in the ambient noise level can be classified as a short-term precursor of the medium consolidation 4–5 hours before the earthquake

Immunobiological properties of granulocytemacrophage colony-stimulating factor and synthetic peptides of his active center

Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) belongs to the group of growth cytokines (hematopoietins) that regulate proliferation and differentiation of myeloid lineage cells. Recently, a lot of new data have accumulated, indicating the presence of a number of previously unknown biological effects in GM-CSF and synthetic peptides of its active center, which open up new prospects for their wide clinical use.The review outlines current understanding of the structure, functions, and mechanisms of GM-CSF action and concerns the structure of its receptor. The GM-CSF producer cells are characterized, as well as target cells (effector cells) responding to this cytokine are also presented. The known mechanisms of intracellular signaling involved into the GM-CSF/receptor interaction are described. The main pleiotropic effects of this cytokine as a factor of hematopoiesis and an immunostimulating agent are characterized. The previously known and recently found immunobiological effects of this cytokine, its recombinant forms and synthetic analogues of its active center are discussed.Participation of GM-CSF in hematopoiesis and differentiation of myeloid cells, the effects of this cytokine on the functional activity of immunocompetent populations (lymphocytes, macrophages, neutrophils, dendritic cells) and tissue cells were characterized. The influence of GM-CSF on the development and course of infectious and inflammatory processes, its role in the creation of combined vaccines is reviewed. Clinical data on usage of GM-CSF and its recombinant forms in hematology, immunology, oncology, reproductive medicine and in the treatment of systemic autoimmune processes and infectious diseases are presented.The recently discovered immunobiological properties of synthetic peptides derived from active center of GM-CSF are summarized, indicating that they exhibit immunotropic and hematopoietic effects, as well as antimicrobial activity against Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria, viruses, and tissue repair (effect on the rate of wound healing), which is not typical to the whole GM-CSF molecule. We discuss the prospects for clinical applications of synthetic GM-CSF analogue (ZP2 peptide), and an opportunity of creating new cosmetics and pharmaceuticals with combined immunostimulating, antimicrobial and reparative properties on its basis.The review expands the view on potential usage of cytokine therapy in the treatment of various infectious and non-infectious diseases in humans, and is addressing a wide range of specialists working in the field of allergology and immunology, infectology and regenerative medicine

Sex differences of subpopulation composition of lymphocytes in the peripheral blood in experimental acute and chronic ulcerative colitis

We studied sex differences lymphocytes subpopulations of peripheral blood in adult C57Bl/6 mice during acute and chronic colitis, induced with 1% DSS. We measured subpopulations of lymphocytes with flow cytometry. We showed that in the control group the female mice had statistically significantly higher values of the relative number of regulatory and cytotoxic T lymphocytes comparing to the males. During acute colitis the females showed an increase in the relative number of Thelpers and a decrease of cytotoxic Tlymphocytes, which reflects the activation of immune response. The males had a decrease in the absolute number of leukocytes, lymphocytes and cytotoxic and regulatory T lymphocytes, probably because of an increase in migration of these cells to the inflammation locus and local lymph nodes. In chronic colitis the females had a decrease in the absolute number of leukocytes, lymphocytes, T helpers, cytotoxic T lymphocytes and B lymphocytes when comparing with acute colitis. During chronic colitis the males had a decrease in the absolute number of T helpers and B lymphocytes but an increase of regulatory T cells in comparison with the control group; in comparison with acute colitis the males with chronic colitis had higher relative and absolute number of regulatory T cells. The increase of T regulatory lymphocytes is due to an increase in their proliferation rate in the thymus and increase of their migration to the inflammatory locus – the colon. Future clinical studies may be based on these results, which show that the treatment of colitis, especially with immunotropic agents, must take sex differences into account

ANALYSIS OF THE SEISMIC AND IONOSPHERIC EFFECTS OF THE KUDARINSKY EARTHQUAKE ON DECEMBER 9, 2020

According to the data obtained on the equipment of the IEC SB RAS complex monitoring base for hazardous geological processes "Buguldeika" (Shared Research Facilities "Geodynamics and Geochronology" of IEC SB RAS) and Shared Research Facilities "Angara" of ISTP SB RAS an analysis of the characteristics of the Kudarinsky earthquake (09.12.2020) and the behaviour of the ionosphere during this event was carried out. The source parameters of the earthquake were obtained – the seismic moment of the earthquake (M0=3.02·1017 N·m), the moment magnitude (Mw=5.6), the source radius (2.43 km), and the stress drop (1.26 MPa).The analysis of the ionosphere behaviour carried out using GPS/GLONASS receivers did not reveal disturbances caused by the Kudarinsky earthquake, which is most likely due to the relatively small magnitude of this earthquake. An analysis of the observation series related to the Kudarinsky earthquake showed the efficiency of using the Core Facilities Centre equipment and complex monitoring bases for studying seismicity, which is the most dangerous natural process for the Baikal region