AN EMPIRICAL STUDY OF CLIMATE CHANGE EFFECTS AND AGRICULTURE VULNERABILITY

This review describes that due to rapid globalization, vulnerability in different areas affects human life. With rapid population growth, securing the inherent vulnerability of this relationship, whether social, economic, or environmental, has to be central to efforts to achieving sustainable development. The vulnerability of agricultural systems varies with geographic location, time, socioeconomic conditions, and environmental resources. The capacity to mitigate and to adapt to climate-change impacts is strongly related to the future development paths. The socioeconomic and, even more so, the technological characteristics of different futures strongly affect emissions, hence the extent and pace of the impacts of climate change, as well as the capability of societies to adapt to and mitigate climate change. The presented review gives a brief idea about empirical analysis of climate change and agricultural vulnerability and how it affects human life.climate change, vulnerability, adaptivity, food security, stress, Agricultural and Food Policy, Environmental Economics and Policy, Farm Management,

Messiah University Graduate Wind Conducting Recital

Program includes: First Suite in Eb for Military Band (1909).............................................. Gustav Holst (1874-1934) Chaconne Intermezzo March Kentucky 1800 (1955)....................................................................Clare Grundman (1913-1996) Ye Banks and Braes O’ Bonnie Doon (1932).........................Percy Aldridge Grainger (1882-1961) Settings on a Hymn of Praise (2001)...................................................Quincy C. Hilliard (b. 1954) Psalm for Band (1954)...............................................................Vincent Persichetti (1915-1987

Intelligent Assisting Tools for Endodontic Treatment

The integration of image processing in novel systems bids fair to significantly improve the endodontic practice in the near future. Also, the attempt to automatically locate and classify the root canals may result in significantly decreased chair time for both the patient and the practitioner. We focus on the shapes of human root canals and their automatic classification, methods for automatic processing, and center line identification of tooth root canal as defined previously. We introduce some micro-computed tomography image analysis methods possible for clinical implementation of cone beam computed tomography image analysis in endodontics and limitations of novel techniques. In this chapter, we present our results of segmentation and root canal identification of cone beam computed tomography images

Prevalence of, and risk factors for, malaria infection among patients visiting Goljota Health Center, Heben Arsi District, West Arsi Zone, Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia: A retrospective and an institution-based cross-sectional study

AbstractBackground: Malaria infections in Ethiopia are a significant health problem that varies across regions. Malaria’s public health and socio-economic impact is huge and contributes significantly to the country’s poverty and underdevelopment. The aim of this study was to determine the five-year trend of malaria (2012-2016), and to assess the prevalence and associated risk factors of malaria infection among patients visiting Goljota Health Center from September to December 2017. Methods: The present study is a retrospective and an institution-based cross-sectional study on the prevalence of malaria. For the cross-sectional study, blood samples collected from 422 patients were processed using thin and thick blood film methods. Also, five years of retrospective data were collected to determine the trend of malaria prevalence. Socio-demographic factors were assessed and logistic regression analyses were employed to determine the independent risk factors for malaria infection. Results: The prevalence of malaria was 14.8% in 2012, 21.4% in 2013, 14.2% in 2014, 12.9% in 2015 and 13.2% in 2016. The majority of malaria positives were male, with Plasmodium vivax accounting for most infections. The highest number of infections were in the ≤10-year-old age group. The overall prevalence of malaria infection in the cross-sectional study was 13% in Heben Arsi Woreda (District). Being male (AOR 1.5, 95% CI: 1.06-2.2, p<0.02), using bed nets when sleeping (AOR 0.36, 95% CI: 0.22-0.60, p<0.01), implementing indoor residual spraying in the past five months (AOR 0.06, 95% CI: 0.03-0.10, p<0.01), home not close to breeding site (AOR 0.54, 95% CI: 0.29-0.98, p<0.04), and the absence of an opening/hole in an external house wall (AOR 0.49, 95% CI: 0.27-0.92, p=0.026) showed a negative significant association with malaria infection. So, these factors are protective in relation to malaria infection. Using thatched roof material (AOR 1.64, 95% CI: 1.0-2.7, p<0.02) and having an income of <500 Ethiopian birr per month (AOR 3.1, 95% CI: 1.24-7.9, p=0.02) had a positive significant association with malaria infection. Conclusions: A strong relationship exists between malaria infection and socio-demographic risk factors. There was a decreasing malaria trend from 2013 to 2015, followed by a small increase in 2016. To further decrease the prevalence rate, intervention strategies should be designed and implemented to address current and local malaria-associated health problems that could help to reduce the problem of malaria among the population in the study area. [Ethiop. J. Health Dev. 2021; 35(1):50-57] Key words: Malaria, health, risk factors, prevalence, south central Ethiopi

The Effect of the Type of Polyethylene on .the Grafting of Styrene onto Polyethylene. III. The Crosslinking Effect in the Grafting by Preirradiation in Vacuum

The graft-copolymerisation of styrene onto the free radicals trapped in vacuum-irradiated polyethylene was investigated. By an increase of the rigidity of the foils, the grafting rate is also increased, because the termination of the growing chains becomes more hindered. But further increase of the rigidity causes grafting to stop at comparatively low values. Crosslinking of the foils also increases this rigidity, while raising of grafting temperature partially eliminates its effect. Based on the experimental results, some kinetic and structural factors governing the grafting reactions are discussed and some former theories are revised

Influence de l’ecosysteme et du stade de developpement des panicules sur l’androgenese chez le riz

L’étude vise à déterminer l’écosystème et le stade de panicule favorables à l’androgenèse chez le riz sur le site d’ (ex-ADRAO) à M’Bé, Bouaké. Le matériel végétal a consisté en deux variétés deOryza glaberrima (CG 14 et CG 20) et 3 de Oryza sativa de type japonica (WAB 56-50 et TAIPEI 309) et indica (BOUAKE 189). Les cals induites à partir d’anthères sur le milieu N6 modifié contenant 0,5 mg l-1 de kinétine, 2,5 mg l-1 de dichlorophenoxy acétique acide (2,4-D), et 15 % de lait de coco, sont ensuite régénérés sur milieu MS additionné de 1 mg l-1d’acide -naphtalène acétique (ANA) et 4 mg l-1kinétine. Les résultats ont révélé une forte interaction génotype-écosystème. En effet, chaque génotype a eu une bonne réponse en androgenèse avec les anthères provenant de son écosystème habituel de croissance. Ainsi, les glaberrima et les japonica se sont bien comportés en androgenèse, au niveau des plateaux et l'indica dans les bas-fonds. Le stade jeune de la panicule (distance auriculaire entre 7 et 8,8 cm) a été le meilleur stade de prélèvement. Tous stades de panicule et écosystèmes confondus, les meilleurs résultats pour la production de cals et la régénération de plantules a été obtenue avec les sativa comparativement aux glaberrima

The Effect of the Type of Polyethylene on .the Grafting of Styrene onto Polyethylene. III. The Crosslinking Effect in the Grafting by Preirradiation in Vacuum

The graft-copolymerisation of styrene onto the free radicals trapped in vacuum-irradiated polyethylene was investigated. By an increase of the rigidity of the foils, the grafting rate is also increased, because the termination of the growing chains becomes more hindered. But further increase of the rigidity causes grafting to stop at comparatively low values. Crosslinking of the foils also increases this rigidity, while raising of grafting temperature partially eliminates its effect. Based on the experimental results, some kinetic and structural factors governing the grafting reactions are discussed and some former theories are revised

Role of GBSS allelic diversity in rice grain quality

Amylose content is generally the most important factor determining rice eating and cooking quality. Commercial rice varieties are, in fact, placed into market classes based on having “zero” (0-7%), low (10-20), intermediate (20-25%), or high (>25%) apparent amylose. This study demonstrates that the single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in the exon 1 (G->T) and in exon 6 (A->C) of GBSS can be used as markers to efficiently distinguish the amylose classes. These two SNPs accounted for 89.2% of the variation in apparent amylose content in a pedigree of 89 US rice varieties and 93.8% of the variation among 279 accessions in a European germplasm collection. All low amylose varieties had the T allele of exon 1. All intermediate amylose varieties had the G allele of exon 1 and the C allele of exon 6. All high amylose varieties had the G allele of exon 1 and the A allele of exon 6. In contrast to previous reports, the amylose content of rice varieties in West Africa was also largely determined by GBSS alleles, which accounted for 93.3% of the variation among 77 samples from West Africa Rice Development Association. GBSS gene from O. glaberrima was found to lack a transposon in exon 10 and have an additional polymorphism (G->A) in exon 12, but these do not significantly alter amylose content. The study also shows that some GBSS genes from high amylose varieties contain an additional C->T polymorphism in exon 10. This SNP does not significantly alter amylose content, but alters rice starch pasting properties. Traditional RVA analysis of starch pasting properties is complicated by differences in the shear forces between samples. However a simple method was developed to overcome this problem and it was shown that starch granules from rice varieties with the T allele of exon 10 are notably more shear resistant. Amylose and the SNP in exons 1, 6 and 10 of GBSS also played a key role in starch re-association. They accounted for 81 and 71.5%, respectively, of the variation in “gel hardness” of RVA samples which have been allowed to incubate at room temperature for 24 hours

Global immunization: status, progress, challenges and future

Vaccines have made a major contribution to public health, including the eradication of one deadly disease, small pox, and the near eradication of another, poliomyelitis.Through the introduction of new vaccines, such as those against rotavirus and pneumococcal diseases, and with further improvements in coverage, vaccination can significantly contribute to the achievement of the health-related United Nations Millennium Development Goals.The Global Immunization Vision and Strategy (GIVS) was developed by WHO and UNICEF as a framework for strengthening national immunization programmes and protect as many people as possible against more diseases by expanding the reach of immunization, including new vaccines, to every eligible person.This paper briefly reviews global progress and challenges with respect to public vaccination programmes