Silicon detectors for neutrino oscillation experiments

This note describes the technique of using a target equipped with high resolution silicon microstrip detectors for the detection of the topological signature of decays in neutrino oscillation ex periments. Two detectors are presented. The first detector is installed in the NOMAD spectrometer at the CERN SPS neutrino beam. The target consists of four layers passive boron carbide plate s (total mass of 45 kg) interleaved with five layers of silicon microstrip detectors. A total of 600 single--sided silicon microstrip detectors are used amounting to a total area of 1.14 m$^2$. The silicon tracker is made with the longest ladders built to date (72 cm). During the 1997 run about 8000 charged current interactions were estimated to have occurred in the target and data tak ing will continue in 1998. For these events it will be possible to perform a precise measurement of both vertex and kinematical variables. The second detector was installed in September 1997 in a CERN PS pion beam to investigate the possibility of combining silicon detectors and nuclear emulsions. This detector consists of 72 single--sided silicon microstrip detectors with a total surfac e of 0.13 m$^2$ distributed over four layers, providing two measurements of each of the two orthogonal coordinates. This exposure will measure the precision with which the silicon tracker can p redict the position of particles in the emulsion. Both detectors provide invaluable experience towards the construction of a large scale silicon tracker for future neutrino oscillation experime nts

Galactic HCO+ Absorption toward Compact Extragalactic Radio Sources

As part of the search for the "dark molecular gas (DMG)," we report on the results of HCO$^+$ J = 1-0 absorption observations toward nine bright extragalactic millimeter wave continuum sources. The extragalactic sources are at high Galactic latitudes (|b| > 10$\deg$) and seen at small extinction (E(B-V) $\lesssim$ 0.1 mag). We have detected the HCO$^+$ absorption lines toward two sources, B0838+133 and B2251+158. The absorption toward B2251+158 was previously reported, while the absorption toward B0838+133 is a new detection. We derive hydrogen column densities or their upper limits toward the nine sources from our observations and compare them to those expected from CO line emission and far-infrared dust continuum emission. Toward the seven sources with no HCO$^+$ detection, CO emission has not been detected, either. Thus the sight lines are likely to be filled with almost pure atomic gas. Toward the two sources with HCO$^+$ detection, CO emission has been also detected. Comparison of the H$_2$ column densities from HCO$^+$ absorption and CO emission suggests a non-negligible amount of DMG toward B0838+133.Comment: 10 pages, 3 figures; accepted in Astrophysics and Space Science (ASTR-D-18-00258R1

Universities’ Entrepreneurship Education and Regional Development: a Stakeholders’ Approach

It is assumed that entrepreneurship education encourage the growth of new businesses, exploiting the entrepreneurial spirit within higher education sector. Additionally, entrepreneurship higher education is supposed to play a relevant role in the development of enterprising citizens and in the development regions through an ongoing process of knowledge creation and delivery. In this research we will explore what roles are attributed to entrepreneurship education in the literature with regard to regional development as well as the influence and relationship of the main intervening stakeholders. The aim is to present a conceptual model which integrate the contributions of both strands of literature and, at the same time, highlight the interplay between the several stakeholders involved in HEI’s entrepreneurship education and regional development.Entrepreneurship education, university, regional development, stakeholders

Providing stringent star formation rate limits of z∼\sim2 QSO host galaxies at high angular resolution

We present integral field spectrograph (IFS) with laser guide star adaptive optics (LGS-AO) observations of z=2 quasi-stellar objects (QSOs) designed to resolve extended nebular line emission from the host galaxy. Our data was obtained with W. M. Keck and Gemini-North Observatories using OSIRIS and NIFS coupled with the LGS-AO systems. We have conducted a pilot survey of five QSOs, three observed with NIFS+AO and two observed with OSIRIS+AO at an average redshift of z=2.15. We demonstrate that the combination of AO and IFS provides the necessary spatial and spectral resolutions required to separate QSO emission from its host. We present our technique for generating a PSF from the broad-line region of the QSO and performing PSF subtraction of the QSO emission to detect the host galaxy. We detect H$\alpha$ and [NII] for two sources, SDSS J1029+6510 and SDSS J0925+06 that have both star formation and extended narrow-line emission. Assuming that the majority of narrow-line H$\alpha$ is from star formation, we infer a star formation rate for SDSS J1029+6510 of 78.4 M$_\odot$yr$^{-1}$ originating from a compact region that is kinematically offset by 290 - 350 km/s. For SDSS J0925+06 we infer a star formation rate of 29 M$_\odot$yr$^{-1}$ distributed over three clumps that are spatially offset by $\sim$ 7 kpc. The null detections on three of the QSOs are used to infer surface brightness limits and we find that at 1.4 kpc distance from the QSO that the un-reddened star formation limit is $<$ 0.3 M$_\odot$yr$^{-1}$kpc$^{-2}$. If we assume a typical extinction values for z=2 type-1 QSOs, the dereddened star formation rate for our null detections would be $<$ 0.6 M$_\odot$yr$^{-1}$kpc$^{-2}$. These IFS observations indicate that if star formation is present in the host it would have to occur diffusely with significant extinction and not in compact, clumpy regions.Comment: 17 pages, 7 figures, 7 tables, Accepted to Ap

Influência da aplicação de escória sobre atributos químicos do solo e teores de nutrientes em plantas de arroz de sequeiro.

A escória é um resíduo gerado durante o processo de produção do ferro gusa, possuindo elevados teores de sílica e óxidos de Ca, Mg, Si, Fe e Mn. Para avaliar a influência da aplicação de escoria de siderurgia sobre atributos químicos do solo e teores de nutrientes na cultura do arroz, realizou-se um experimento em condições de casa de vegetação, utilizando-se amostras de dois Latossolos Amarelos distróficos, possuindo classificação textural argilosa e média. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos casualizados, em esquema fatorial 2x2x4, correspondendo à dois solos, dois corretivos (escória e calcário dolomítico) e quatro doses. Utilizou-se uma escória, coletada em alto forno da Companhia Siderúrgica Paraense (Cosipar), localizada no município de Marabá-PA. Aos 60 dias de semeadura do arroz, os resultados indicaram que a aplicação de doses crescente de escória no solo promoveu melhorias nos atributos químicos, reduzindo a acidez e aumentando os teores de cálcio, magnésio e potássio. A escória propiciou maiores teores de potássio no solo, nas doses mais elevadas, em relação ao calcário. Os aumentos dos teores de cálcio e magnésio no solo se correlacionaram com as quantidades absorvidas pela cultura do arroz.Disponível também on-line

Hilbert Space of Isomorphic Representations of Bosonized Chiral QCD2QCD_2

We analyse the Hilbert space structure of the isomorphic gauge non-invariant and gauge invariant bosonized formulations of chiral $QCD_2$ for the particular case of the Jackiw-Rajaraman parameter $a = 2$. The BRST subsidiary conditions are found not to provide a sufficient criterium for defining physical states in the Hilbert space and additional superselection rules must to be taken into account. We examine the effect of the use of a redundant field algebra in deriving basic properties of the model. We also discuss the constraint structure of the gauge invariant formulation and show that the only primary constraints are of first class.Comment: LaTeX, 19 page

Top-bottom mass hierarchy, s−μs-\mu puzzle and gauge coupling unification with split multiplets

A supersymmetric 5D SU(5) grand unification is considered. The SU(5) is broken down to $G_{SM}=SU(3)\times SU(2)\times U(1)$ by the $Z_2\times Z_2'$ assignment of the bulk field(s). The matter fields are located at the fixed point(s). In the bulk, a Higgs multiplet $\bar 5_H$(containing the bottom doublet $H_1$) and the SU(5) gauge multiplet are located. At one fixed point, $H_2$(the top doublet) and the standard model matter multiplets are presented. Because of the difference of the locations of $H_1$ and $H_2$, one can obtain a hierarchy between top and bottom Yukawa couplings. We also present a possibility to understand the $s-\mu$ mass puzzle in this framework of the split multiplet.Comment: LaTeX file of 17 pages including 3 eps figures. A note is added and typo errors corrected. To appear in Euro. Phys. J.