A Simple and Green Protocol for the Synthesis of 3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-ones Using 11-Molybdo-1-vanado phosphoric Acid as a Catalyst Under Ultrasound Irradiation

A one-pot three-component reaction of ethyl acetoacetate, aldehydes and urea has efficiently been carried out in the presence of 11-molybdo-1-vanadophosphoric acid in ethanol at room temperature under ultrasound irradiation to form the corresponding 3,4-dihydropyrimidin 2(1H)-ones in high yields. The 11-molybdo-1-vanadophosphoric acid (H4PMo11V1O40) was prepared and characterized by FT-IR spectroscopy, TG-DTA analysis and XRD analysis techniques. The presence of Keggin structure and incorporation of vanadium into the Keggin structure of synthesized H4PMo11V1O40 catalyst was confirmed by FT-IR and powder XRD analysis techniques. TG-DTA analysis results indicated that H4PMo11V1O40 catalyst was thermally stable up to the temperature 434 °C. The present catalytic system is recyclable and can be reused without greater loss of reactivity. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17807/orbital.v11i5.1423   </p

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Not AvailableThe nutritional quality and food use of groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is mainly governed by oil, fatty acids, protein, and moisture content of kernels. The breeding for higher proportion of oil, protein, and oleic acid in the kernels is an important objective, which needs a non-destructive, rapid, and reliable method for routine estimation in relatively large breeding populations. The present study reports the development of calibration equations in near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) for rapid and non-destructive estimation of kernel quality. Mode of inheritance pattern of a high oleic trait in groundnut was also studied. The best equation for each trait was selected based on the coefficient of determination in calibration and for cross-validation. The current equation gave high fidelity with the reference to biochemical value as indicated by high values of coefficient of determination in external validation (r2 ) for oleic acid (r2 = 0.96), linoleic acid (r 2 = 0.96), moisture (r 2 = 0.96) and moderate for oil (r 2 = 0.89), protein (r 2 = 0.83) and palmitic acid (r 2 = 0.80). The study further developed an efficient NIRS equation to deploy in groundnut breeding. The high oleic trait inheritance pattern was studied in F2:3 population derived from a cross between Spanish bunch normal oleic ICGV 06420 and high oleic SunOleic 95R parents. The results showed duplicate recessive inheritance pattern with a segregation ratio of 15: 1 (normal oleic: high oleic). The outcomes from the inheritance study helps to breed groundnut cultivars for high oleic trait.Not Availabl

Variability and Trait Association Studies for Late Leaf Spot Resistance in a Groundnut MAGIC Population

Globally, late leaf spot (LLS), a foliar fungal disease is one of the most important biotic constraint in groundnut production. Multi-Parent Advanced Generation Inter Cross (MAGIC) groundnut population was developed in a convergent crossing scheme using eight founder parents to develop a mapping population for multiple traits includes LLS. The experiments conducted in light chamber using detached leaf assay, and disease field screening nurseries at two locations (ICRISAT and ARS, Kasbe Digraj) showed significant variability for LLS resistance and component of resistance traits. Total 10 MAGIC lines with longer incubation (&gt;11.0 days) and two MAGIC lines with longer latent period (&gt;27 days) than the resistant parent, GPBD 4 were identified. The MAGIC lines, ICGR 171413, and ICGR 171443 with a lesion diameter of &lt;1 mm and 4.10–5.67% of leaf area damage can be valuable sources for the alleles limiting the pathogen severity. A total of 20 MAGIC lines recorded significantly superior for disease score at 105 DAP_I (5.60–6.89) compared to resistant check, GPDB 4 (6.89). Further studies to determine the type and number of genes controlling the LLS component traits in groundnut will be useful for improvement of resistance to LLS. Genomic selection approach can be valuable in groundnut breeding to harness the minor alleles contributing to the component traits of LLS resistance

Discovery of Major Quantitative Trait Loci and Candidate Genes for Fresh Seed Dormancy in Groundnut

Spanish bunch groundnut varieties occupy most of the cultivated area in Asia and Africa, and these varieties lack required 2-3 weeks of fresh seed dormancy (FSD) hampering kernel quality. Genomic breeding can help to improve commercial groundnut cultivars for FSD in a shorter time with greater precision. In this regard, a recombinant inbred line (RIL) population from the cross ICGV 02266 (non-dormant) &times; ICGV 97045 (dormant) was developed and genotyped with a 5 K mid-density genotyping assay. A linkage map was constructed with 325 SNP loci spanning a total map length of 2335.3 cM and five major QTLs were identified on chromosomes Ah01, Ah11, Ah06, Ah16 and Ah17. Based on differential gene expression using transcriptomic information from dormant (Tifrunner) and non-dormant (ICGV 91114) genotypes, histone deacetylases, histone-lysine N-methyltransferase, cytochrome P450, protein kinases, and ethylene-responsive transcription factor were identified as key regulators involved in the hormonal regulation of dormancy. Six Kompetitive Allele Specific PCR (KASP) markers were successfully validated in the diverse panel including selected RILs of the same population and germplasm lines. These validated KASP markers could facilitate faster breeding of new varieties with desired dormancy using marker-assisted early generation selection

Proceedings of National Conference on Relevance of Engineering and Science for Environment and Society

This conference proceedings contains articles on the various research ideas of the academic community and practitioners presented at the National Conference on Relevance of Engineering and Science for Environment and Society (R{ES}2 2021). R{ES}2 2021 was organized by Shri Pandurang Pratishthan’s, Karmayogi Engineering College, Shelve, Pandharpur, India on July 25th, 2021. Conference Title: National Conference on Relevance of Engineering and Science for Environment and SocietyConference Acronym: R{ES}2 2021Conference Date: 25 July 2021Conference Location: Online (Virtual Mode)Conference Organizers: Shri Pandurang Pratishthan’s, Karmayogi Engineering College, Shelve, Pandharpur, India