Tick species diversity infesting livestock of Pakistan.

<p>(A) Tick species prevalent in different geographic regions of Pakistan (B) Tick species prevalence in Pakistan. Species with less than 1% abundance are grouped as “others”; these include <i>Haemaphysalis kashmirensis</i> (0.98), <i>Hyalomma turanicum</i> (0.67), <i>Rhipicephalus sanguineus</i> (0.39), <i>Hae</i>. <i>sulcata</i> (0.34), <i>Hy</i>. <i>kumari</i> (0.10), <i>Hy</i>. <i>hussaini</i> (0.08), and <i>R</i>. <i>annulatus</i> (0.08). <i>Haemaphysalis</i> is abbreviated to <i>Hae</i>. <i>Hyalomma</i> is abbreviated to <i>Hy</i>. Ticks (~ 4000) were collected from different livestock and domestic animal hosts (cattle, buffalo, sheep, goat, camel, dog, cat and poultry) across the country.</p

Piroplasm detection and quantification of <i>Theileria annulata</i> in <i>Hyalomma</i> ticks from livestock in Pakistan.

<p>Piroplasm detection and quantification of <i>Theileria annulata</i> in <i>Hyalomma</i> ticks from livestock in Pakistan.</p

Ticks tested for SFG Rickettsia.

<p>Ticks tested for SFG Rickettsia.</p

Bacterial diversity at the genus level in ticks from livestock in Pakistan.

<p>Group 1, <i>Rhipicephalus microplus</i> from cows; Group 2, <i>R</i>. <i>turanicus</i> from goats; Group 3, <i>Haemaphysalis cornupunctata</i> from sheep; Group 4, <i>Ha</i>. <i>cornupunctata</i> from goats; Group 5, <i>Ha</i>. <i>kashmerensis</i> from goats; Group 6, <i>Ha</i>. <i>montgomeryi</i> from goats; Group 7, <i>Ha</i>. <i>montgomeryi</i> from buffaloes; Group 8, <i>Ha</i>. <i>montgomeryi</i> from cows; Group 9, <i>Ha</i>. <i>bispinosa</i> from goats; Group 10, <i>Ha</i>. <i>bispinosa</i> from buffaloes; Group 11, <i>Hyalomma anatolicum</i> from cows; Group 12, <i>Hy</i>. <i>anatolicum</i> from buffaloes; Group 13, <i>Hy</i>. <i>scupense</i> from goats; Group 14, <i>Hy</i>. <i>isaaci</i> from cows; Group 15, <i>Ornithodoros tholozani</i> from buffaloes. Less than 2% of genera were removed during graph preparation. <i>Haemaphysalis</i> is abbreviated to <i>Ha</i>. <i>Hyalomma</i> is abbreviated to <i>Hy</i>.</p