Asupan Gizi dan Kadar Low Density Lipoprotein Kolesterol Darah pada Kalangan Eksekutif

Kemajuan teknologi dan ekonomi akhir-akhir ini memberikan dampak Perubahan pola hidup yang menyebabkan pergeseran pola penyakit. Terlihat pada peningkatan penyakit kardiovaskular pada kelompok eksekutif usia produktif. Hiperkolesterolemia adalah satu-satunya faktor risiko yang dapat menyebabkan timbulanya aterosklerosis. Asupan gizi terkait erat dengan hiperkolesterolemia. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui hubungan antara asupan gizi serta pola makan dengan hiperkolesterolemia pada kalangan eksekutif di Jakarta. Desain penelitian adalah potong lintang. Populasi penelitian adalah kelompok eksekutif Indonesia dewasa berusia 25-60 tahun. Sampel penelitian terdiri dari 280 responden ber- usia 25-60 tahun yang merupakan kelompok eksekutif dari beberapa Perusahaan yang ada di sekitar Jakarta. Kadar low density lipoprotein (LDL) kolesterol diperiksa dengan mengumpulkan sampel darah puasa. Asupan gizi dinilai dengan metode 24 hour recall dan pola makan dinilai dengan metode food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Prevalensi hiperkolesterolemia pada kalangan eksekutif 46,1%. Prevalensi hiperkolesterolemia ini lebih tinggi secara bermakna pada laki-laki (50,9%) dibandingkan pada perempuan(29,7%). Prevalensi hiperkolesterolemia cenderung lebih tinggi pada kalangan eksekutif yang berumur di atas 40 tahun, berpendidikan tinggi dan berpenghasilan tinggi. Asupan gizi, khususnya protein hewani serta frekuensi mengonsumsi sapi, memiliki hubungan dengan prevalensi hiperkolesterolemia. Asupan protein nabati, kekerapan mengonsumsi tempe, asupan serat serta kekerapan mengonsumsi sayur dan buah dapat dipertimbangkan sebagai makanan yang protektif atau dapat menurunkan kadar LDL kolesterol dalam darah.Technology and economical development recently poses impact toward changes of lifestyle which cause shifted of the disease pattern. The escalating of cardiovascular appears to be more common among executive productive age group. Hypercholesterolemia is the only risk factor that by itself can cause atherosclerosis. Hypercholesterolemia might be influenced by nutrient intake. The objective of this study is to know the relationship of between nutrient intake as well as food pattern and hypercholesterolemia among executive group surrounding Jakarta. Low density lipoprotein (LDL) content was assessed by collecting fasting blood samples. 24 hour recall and food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) was conducted to assess nutrient intake. Prevalence hypercholesterolemia was 46.1% among this excecutive group.The prevalence of hypercholesterolemia was significant higher among men (50.6%) compared to women (29.7%). Hypercholesterolemia prevalence tend to be higher among those who were over 40 years old, had higher education and had higher income. There was a relationship between nutrient intake especially animal protein intake as well as more frequent consuming beef with the prevalence of hypercholesterolemia. Non-animal protein intake, more frequent consuming tempe, fibre intake as well as more frequent consuming fruit and vegetable might be considered as protective food toward lowering effect of the LDL plasma cholesterol level

Peningkatan Pengetahuan dan Penerapan Manajemen Terpadu Bayi Muda oleh Bidan Desa di Kabupaten Temanggung Tahun 2012

Rendahnya penerapan manajemen terpadu bayi muda (MTBM) oleh bidan di desa (53,6%)merupakan hambatan utama untuk menurunkan angka kematian neonatal (AKN) dan angkakematian bayi . Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan dan penerapan MTBMoleh bidan setelah menerima pelatihan dan bimbingan teknis (intervensi).Penelitian operasional ini merupakan penelitian non eksperimental dengan desain pretest-di 4 dari 24 pusat kesehatan masyarakat yang dipilih secara acak.Penelitian ini mendapatkan bahwa intervensi dapat meningkatkan pengetahuan bidan danpenerapan MTBM. Perlu pelatihan dan sosialisasi terus menerus untuk mendorong para bidanuntuk menerapkan MTBM secara berkelanjutan

The Influence of Organizational Commitment, Implementation of Accounting Information System and Workplace Environment to the Performance of Work Unit

This study aims to obtain empirical evidence on the influence of organizational commitment, implementation of accounting information system and workplace environment affected the performance of the work unit at the Ministry of Public Works and Housing. This study method used survey research with the target population studied is the unit of echelon II work unit that prepares the report of the Government Institution Performance unit (Laporan Kinerja Instansi Pemerintah) in the Ministry of Public Works and Housing. This research design used descriptive approach by using questionnaires to collect data on 122 respondents in 67 work units consists of (1) head of work unit (2) administrator official (3) supervisor officer (4) staff, this research hypothesis test using multiple regression analysis models. The results show that (1) organizational commitment positively affected to the performance of work unit at the Ministry of Public Works and Housing (2) Implementation of Accounting Information System positively affected to the performance of work unit at the Ministry of Public Works and Housing (3) Work environment positively affected at the Ministry of Public Works and Housing

Pengaruh Pelatihan Tanggung Jawab Sosial pada Mahasiswa Senior Resident di Asrama X

Social responsibility is one factor that causes a person or group of people to identify him/herself as a part of palce and community. Research shows that Research shows that being unaware of their social responsibility is the cause of people's ignorance towards their social surrounding. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of social responsibility training in increasing social responsibility of a group of Senior Resident students in the dormitory of university “X”. The study was differentiate in four stages: Base line (pre- test), social responsibility training, action plan and posttest. This study involved 13 Senior Residents and 106 first year dormitory residents. Quantitative (questionnaires) and qualitative data (interview) was used to measure the training effect.The results of this study indicate an increase in Social Responsibility and Place Attachment in participants, although it is not significant, but data shows an increase of social responsibility in three times measurement. The implication of this study is the importance of sustainability of training and action plan to obtain significant results

A New Alternative Quac-Stick to Predict the Risk of Chronic Energy Deficiency in Malay Indonesian Women (18-49 Years)

BACKGROUND: Indicators to assess the nutritional status in women of reproductive age (WRA) in particular to identify chronic energy deficiency (CED) were still limited. Upper arm circumference (MUAC) and the Body Mass Index (BMI) had been used to assess the status of CED, but it still has its limitations. This study aimed to develop a new indicator QUAC-Stick (the ratio of MUAC to Upper Arm Length (UAL)) for the risk asesement of CED on WRA in Malay Indonesia women (18-49 years). SUBJECT AND METHODS: The cross sectional study design, used a part of data from National Basic Health Research (Riskesdas) 2013 and primary collecting data among 1009 WRA aged 18-49 years (not pregnant) in Makassar and Tana Toraja, South Sulawesi Province. Analysis used the ROC to get the optimal formula and the cut off point using BMI as the gold standard. RESULTS: MUAC/UAL (named UMMI index) with a cut-off point < 4.25 to detect the risk of CED, had better validity (Sn=80% (95% CI=70.8 to 87.3 ); Sp = 84% (95% CI = 81.4 to 86.3); PPV = 35% (95% CI = 29.2 to 42.0); NPV = 97% (95% CI = 96.1 to 98.4; ROC = 82% (95% CI = 80.0 to 86.1) compared to MUAC < 23,5 with the gold standard was BMI <18.5. Prevalence of CED on WRA 9.9% (BMI <18.5); 22.4% (MUAC/UAL< 4.25). The validity of MUAC < 23.5 was good (Sn = 76%, Sp = 87.2%), but the optimal cut-off point for screening was MUAC < = 24.0 cm (Sn = 90%, Sp = 77%). The correlation (r) between MUAC-weight = 0.82; UAL-Height = 0.45; MUAC-BMI = 0.82 and MUAC/UAL to BMI = 0.80 (P = 0.000). CONCLUSION: The new alternative indicator was MUAC/UAL <4.25 to assess the risk of CED on WRA in Malay Indonesia women (18-49 years). Further revalidation study is needed to be able applying the indicator to the wider population. Keywords: Ratio, MUAC, Women of reproductive, CED, Arm Lengt

A New Alternative Indicator for Chronic Energy Deficiency in Women of Childbearing Age in Indonesia

Background: Indicators for assessment of nutritional status in women of childbearing age (WCA) in particular to detect the risk of chronic energy deficiency (CED) were limited. Currently, we used mid upper arm circumference (MUAC) as a screening tool of CED and Body Mass Index (BMI) for CED status assessment, but have some limitations. This paper aims to develop a new indicator for the risk assessment of CED on WCA in Indonesia.Methods: The design was a cross sectional study. This analysis used a part of National Basic Health Health Research (Riskesdas) 2013 among 1009 WCA (18-49 years) in Makassar and Tana Toraja, South Sulawesi Province. ROC analysis was used to obtain the optimal formula and the cut off point with BMI &lt;18.5 as the gold standard.Results: The study found that the optimal formula was MUAC/√UAL &lt; 4.25 to detect a risk of CED, better validity (Sn = 80%; Sp= 84%) compared to MUAC &lt; 23,5 (Sn = 76%; Sp= 87.2 %) with the gold standard was Body Mass Index (BMI). Prevalence of CED on women of reproductive age 9.9% (BMI&lt;18.5); 22.4% (MUAC/√UAL &lt;4.25). Correlation MUAC to weightr = 0.82; UAL to height r = 0.45; MUAC to BMI r = 0.82 and ratio of MUAC/√UAL to BMI r = 0.80 (P = 0.000). Conclusion: The ratio of MUAC/√UAL &lt; 4.25 can be new alternative indicator that simple and effective for detecting CED on WCA (18-49 years) in Indonesia. (Health Science Indones 2014;2:54-9

Pajanan Aflatoksin sebagai Faktor Risiko Stunting

Makanan yang mengandung cemaran kimia dan biologi yang melebihi batas aman dapat menimbulkan gangguan kesehatan. Aflatoksin merupakan metabolit sekunder yang dihasilkan oleh kapang dan dapat mencemari makanan seperti kacang tanah dan jagung. Aflatoksin diduga dapat menghambat pertumbuhan (growth retardation) sehingga mengakibatkan gagal tumbuh atau stunting. Studi ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui asosiasi pajanan aflatoksin sebagai faktor risiko stunting. Metode yang digunakan adalah telaah sistematis menggunakan elemen participants, intervention, comparator, outcome, timeframe, dan setting (PICOTS) untuk menetapkan kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi. Enam literatur yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi ditelaah pada studi ini. Hasil disampaikan secara kualitatif yaitu metasintesis. Terdapat korelasi antara pajanan aflatoksin dengan kejadian stunting dari tiga studi yang dilakukan di Afrika dan terdapat hubungan dosis-respons. Satu studi menunjukkan korelasi tetapi lemah dan dua studi lainnya tidak ada korelasi pajanan aflatoksin dengan kejadian stunting. Diduga terdapat threshold value aflatoksin dalam mengakibatkan stunting. Adanya korelasi kuat serta dugaan mekanisme biological plausibility dapat dijadikan dasar untuk mulai mempertimbangkan aflatoksin sebagai salah satu faktor risiko penyebab stunting