Le syndrome des ovaires micropolykystiques chez les femmes infertiles à Cotonou :Résultats de la prise en charge de 74 cas

Le but de l’étude est de déterminer les éléments du diagnostic du syndrome des ovaires micropolykystiques chez les femmes infertiles à Cotonou, analyser les modalités du traitement et établir le pronostic. C’est une étude prospective, longitudinale à but descriptif et analytique sur une période de 12 mois, du 1er janvier 2010 au 31 décembre 2010. Elle a porté sur des femmes suivies pour infertilité et répondant aux critères PCOS (polycystic ovary syndrome). Les principaux signes cliniques étaient la spanioménorrhée 61 sur 74, l’hirsutisme et l’acné dans les mêmes proportions 35 sur 74. Les critères échographiques ont été retrouvés chez toutes les patientes. Le taux de testostérone était élevé chez 55 sur 60. Les mesures hygiéno-diététiques n’ont pas été observées par toutes les patientes. La metformine a été utilisée chez 50 sur 74. Aucune patiente n’a bénéficié du « drilling » ovarien. Le cycle menstruel a été régularisé dans 34 cas, 15 grossesse ont été enregistrées

Antioxidant rich flavonoids from Oreocnide integrifolia enhance glucose uptake and insulin secretion and protects pancreatic β-cells from streptozotocin insult

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Insulin deficiency is the prime basis of all diabetic manifestations and agents that can bring about insulin secretion would be of pivotal significance for cure of diabetes. To test this hypothesis, we carried out bioactivity guided fractionation of <it>Oreocnide integrifolia </it>(Urticaceae); a folklore plant consumed for ameliorating diabetic symptoms using experimental models.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>We carried out bioassay guided fractionation using RINmF and C2C12 cell line for glucose stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) and glucose uptake potential of fractions. Further, the bioactive fraction was challenged for its GSIS in cultured mouse islets with basal (4.5 mM) and stimulated (16.7 mM) levels of glucose concentrations. The Flavonoid rich fraction (FRF) was exposed to 2 mM streptozotocin stress and the anti-ROS/RNS potential was evaluated. Additionally, the bioactive fraction was assessed for its antidiabetic and anti-apoptotic property <it>in-vivo </it>using multidose streptozotocin induced diabetes in BALB/c mice.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The results suggested FRF to be the most active fraction as assessed by GSIS in RINm5F cells and its ability for glucose uptake in C2C12 cells. FRF displayed significant potential in terms of increasing intracellular calcium and cAMP levels even in presence of a phosphodiesterase inhibitor, IBMX in cultured pancreatic islets. FRF depicted a dose-dependent reversal of all the cytotoxic manifestations except peroxynitrite and NO formation when subjected <it>in-vitro </it>along with STZ. Further scrutinization of FRF for its <it>in-vivo </it>antidiabetic property demonstrated improved glycemic indices and decreased pancreatic β-cell apoptosis.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Overall, the flavonoid mixture has shown to have significant insulin secretogogue, insulinomimetic and cytoprotective effects and can be evaluated for clinical trials as a therapeutant in the management of diabetic manifestations.</p

The prevalence of stillbirths: a systematic review

BACKGROUND: Stillbirth rate is an important indicator of access to and quality of antenatal and delivery care. Obtaining overall estimates across various regions of the world is not straightforward due to variation in definitions, data collection methods and reporting. METHODS: We conducted a systematic review of a range of pregnancy-related conditions including stillbirths and performed meta-analysis of the subset of studies reporting stillbirth rates. We examined variation across rates and used meta-regression techniques to explain observed variation. RESULTS: We identified 389 articles on stillbirth prevalence among the 2580 included in the systematic review. We included 70 providing 80 data sets from 50 countries in the meta-analysis. Pooled prevalence rates show variation across various subgroup categories. Rates per 100 births are higher in studies conducted in less developed country settings as compared to more developed (1.17 versus 0.50), of inadequate quality as compared to adequate (1.12 versus 0.66), using sub-national sample as compared to national (1.38 versus 0.68), reporting all stillbirths as compared to late stillbirths (0.95 versus 0.63), published in non-English as compared to English (0.91 versus 0.59) and as journal articles as compared to non-journal (1.37 versus 0.67). The results of the meta-regression show the significance of two predictor variables – development status of the setting and study quality – on stillbirth prevalence. CONCLUSION: Stillbirth prevalence at the community level is typically less than 1% in more developed parts of the world and could exceed 3% in less developed regions. Regular reviews of stillbirth rates in appropriately designed and reported studies are useful in monitoring the adequacy of care. Systematic reviews of prevalence studies are helpful in explaining sources of variation across rates. Exploring these methodological issues will lead to improved standards for assessing the burden of reproductive ill-health

Factors Associated with Quality of Life in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes of South Benin: A Cross-Sectional Study

Background: Type 2 diabetes (T2D) adversely affects health-related quality of life (QoL). However, little is known about the QoL of diabetic patients in Benin, where the disease is a growing concern. Thus, this study aims to assess the QoL and its associated factors among T2D patients in Cotonou, southern Benin. Methods: A total of 300 T2D patients (age > 18 years) were enrolled, and the diabetes-specific quality of life (DQoL) and Natividad self-care behaviors’ (SCB) instruments were used for data collection. DQoL scores were calculated, and factors associated with DQoL explored using logistic regression. Results: The mean of patients’ DQoL was 38.1 ± 4.1, with 43% having low QoL. In terms of DQoL, 56.3% reported a high diabetes impact, followed by low life satisfaction (53%) and high worry about diabetes (32.7%). In the logistic regression analysis, education, marital status, occupation, family history of diabetes, complications, and social support were associated with DQoL. SCB factors, including healthy eating, problem-solving, coping strategies, and risk reduction, were significant predictors of DQoL. Conclusions: Patients’ empowerment, starting with self-management education, is essential to improve the QoL of T2D patients in Cotonou. However, the programs need to target low education, low socioeconomic status, low social support, and overweight patients. © 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.Open access journalThis item from the UA Faculty Publications collection is made available by the University of Arizona with support from the University of Arizona Libraries. If you have questions, please contact us at [email protected]

Prevalence of hypertension and associated risk factors in Benin.

International audienceBACKGROUND: Hypertension is one of the main risk factors of cardiovascular diseases. There has been a lack of data on this risk factor in the general population in Benin. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of hypertension and identify the associated risk factors in Benin. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted from July to August 2008 in Benin's 12 departments. The questionnaire and anthropometric measurements of the World Health Organization STEPWISE survey were used. The sample included 6853 subjects 25-64 years of age, randomly selected by five-stage random sampling. Blood pressure was measured using standard procedures. Data was processed and analyzed using EPI DATA and STATA 9.2 software. Prevalence levels were compared using Pearson's chi(2) and means with the Student t-test. Univariate and multivariate regression analysis, taking the sampling method into account, was used to identify risk factors. RESULTS: The sample comprised 49.5% females, the 25- to 34-year-old age group was the largest, and the mean age was 42.7±12.4 years. The prevalence of hypertension was 27.9% [95% CI: 26.3-29.5%], 77.5% of the subjects were unaware of their high blood pressure, and 81.6% had not taken their drugs two weeks before the survey. Prevalence of known hypertension was 6.9%, prevalence of treated hypertension 4.8%, and prevalence of controlled hypertension 1.9%. Age and obesity were significantly associated with hypertension. Department and profession were not associated with hypertension. CONCLUSION: This study showed a high prevalence of hypertension in the general population in Benin. Better management of this risk factor will contribute to reducing morbidity and mortality due to cardiovascular diseases