8,463 research outputs found
Spatial resolution of a GEM readout TPC using the charge dispersion signal
A large volume Time Projection Chamber (TPC) is being considered for the
central charged particle tracker for the detector for the proposed
International Linear Collider (ILC). To meet the ILC-TPC spatial resolution
challenge of ~100 microns with a manageable number of readout pads and channels
of electronics, Micro Pattern Gas Detectors (MPGD) are being developed which
could use pads comparable in width to the proportional-wire/cathode-pad TPC. We
have built a prototype GEM readout TPC with 2 mm x 6 mm pads using the new
concept of charge dispersion in MPGDs with a resistive anode. The dependence of
transverse resolution on the drift distance has been measured for small angle
tracks in cosmic ray tests without a magnetic field for Ar/CO2 (90:10). The
GEM-TPC resolution with charge dispersion readout is significantly better than
previous measurements carried out with conventional direct charge readout
techniques.Comment: 5 figures, 10 page
Micromegas TPC studies at high magnetic fields using the charge dispersion signal
The International Linear Collider (ILC) Time Projection Chamber (TPC)
transverse space-point resolution goal is 100 microns for all tracks including
stiff 90 degree tracks with the full 2 meter drift. A Micro Pattern Gas
Detector (MPGD) readout TPC can achieve the target resolution with existing
techniques using 1 mm or narrower pads at the expense of increased detector
cost and complexity. The new MPGD readout technique of charge dispersion can
achieve good resolution without resorting to narrow pads. This has been
demonstrated previously for 2 mm x 6 mm pads with GEMs and Micromegas in cosmic
ray tests and in a KEK beam test in a 1 Tesla magnet. We have recently tested a
Micromegas-TPC using the charge dispersion readout concept in a high field
super-conducting magnet at DESY. The measured Micromegas gain was found to be
constant within 0.5% for magnetic fields up to 5 Tesla. With the strong
suppression of transverse diffusion at high magnetic fields, we measure a flat
50 micron resolution at 5 Tesla over the full 15 cm drift length of our
prototype TPC.Comment: 7 pages, 3 figure
Psychological Morbidity in Students of Medical College and Science and Art College Students - A Comparative Study
Considering the importance of quality of life in medical students we have conducted a cross sectional & descriptive study on screening of mental illness of 60 medical students of prefinal year and comparing it with 60 students of third year of Science and Art College. Students were selected via random sampling. GHQ-12 was used as a screening tool and after obtaining scores students were graded in 3 categories - individuals screened positive for psychological morbidity were of Grades 2 and 3 and individuals screened negative for psychological morbidity were of Grade 1 and they were compared according to college, gender & residence. Students screened positive for psychological morbidity as per GHQ-12 were found higher in medical college (87%) as compared to Science and Art College (45%) and a statistically significant association was found between psychological morbidity and medical students. Psychological morbidity was not significantly associated with residence and gender
Determination of Equilibrium binding constants for LPS interaction with TLR4
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are the best characterized Pathogen Recognition Receptors (PRRs) and are directly responsible for initiating an appropriate defense against bacterial and viral infection. Among all the TLRs known, only TLR4 is able to activate both MyD88-dependent induction of genes encoding inflammatory molecules and TRIF-dependent production of type I interferon. Therefore, in this study we report the binding of TLR4 by Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) which is the component on the cell-wall of gram-negative bacteria. Binding of LPS is a prerequisite for the activation of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) by LPS which increases the expression of critical proinflammatory cytokines that organize potent immune responses. The binding of LPS to TLR4 was studied using IC21 mice macrophage cell line and fluorescently labeled LPS molecule, called FITC-LPS by flow cytometry. The series of cell staining experiments were performed, which included binding of FITC-LPS to TLR4 at different temperatures as temperature influences cellular trafficking of TLR4. Since, trafficking or internalization of LPS depends on its aggregation behavior; the molecular state of LPS under experimental conditions is detected using SDS-PAGE. Trypan blue was used to identify surface bond versus internalized FITC-LPS
Analysis of Hepatitis C Viral Dynamics Using Latin Hypercube Sampling
We consider a mathematical model comprising of four coupled ordinary
differential equations (ODEs) for studying the hepatitis C (HCV) viral
dynamics. The model embodies the efficacies of a combination therapy of
interferon and ribavirin. A condition for the stability of the uninfected and
the infected steady states is presented. A large number of sample points for
the model parameters (which were physiologically feasible) were generated using
Latin hypercube sampling. Analysis of our simulated values indicated
approximately 24% cases as having an uninfected steady state. Statistical tests
like the chi-square-test and the Spearman's test were also done on the sample
values. The results of these tests indicate a distinctly differently
distribution of certain parameter values and not in case of others, vis-a-vis,
the stability of the uninfected and the infected steady states
PdTe a 4.5K Type II BCS Superconductor
We report on the structure and physical properties of bulk Palladium
Tellurium superconductor, which is synthesized via quartz vacuum encapsulation
technique at 750 C. The as synthesized compound is crystallized in hexagonal
crystal structure. Magnetization and Magneto-transport measurements provided
the values of lower and upper critical field to be 250 and 1200 Gauss
respectively at 2 Kelvin. The Coherence length and GL parameter are estimated
from the experimentally determined upper and lower critical fields, which are
45 nm and 1.48 respectively. The jump in Cp(T) at Tc is found to be 1.33 and
the Debye temperature and electronic specific heat constant are 203 Kelvin and
6.01mJ/mole-K2 respectively.Comment: 13 pages Text + Figs: Accepted in Sup. Sci. and Tec
Ion-water clusters, bulk medium effects, and ion hydration
Thermochemistry of gas-phase ion-water clusters together with estimates of
the hydration free energy of the clusters and the water ligands are used to
calculate the hydration free energy of the ion. Often the hydration
calculations use a continuum model of the solvent. The primitive quasichemical
approximation to the quasichemical theory provides a transparent framework to
anchor such efforts. Here we evaluate the approximations inherent in the
primitive quasichemical approach and elucidate the different roles of the bulk
medium. We find that the bulk medium can stabilize configurations of the
cluster that are usually not observed in the gas phase, while also
simultaneously lowering the excess chemical potential of the ion. This effect
is more pronounced for soft ions. Since the coordination number that minimizes
the excess chemical potential of the ion is identified as the optimal or most
probable coordination number, for such soft ions, the optimum cluster size and
the hydration thermodynamics obtained without account of the bulk medium on the
ion-water clustering reaction can be different from those observed in
simulations of the aqueous ion. The ideas presented in this work are expected
to be relevant to experimental studies that translate thermochemistry of
ion-water clusters to the thermodynamics of the hydrated ion and to evolving
theoretical approaches that combine high-level calculations on clusters with
coarse-grained models of the medium
Rate Determining Factors in Protein Model Structures
Previous research has shown a strong correlation of protein folding rates to
the native state geometry, yet a complete explanation for this dependence is
still lacking. Here we study the rate-geometry relationship with a simple
statistical physics model, and focus on two classes of model geometries,
representing ideal parallel and antiparallel structures. We find that the
logarithm of the rate shows an almost perfect linear correlation with the
"absolute contact order", but the slope depends on the particular class
considered. We discuss these findings in the light of experimental results.Comment: 4 pages, 2 figure
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