Colorectal cancer

"Colorectal cancer is the #2 cancer killer in the US among cancers that affect both men and women. But it doesn't have to be. Screening can find precancerous polyps (abnormal growths) so they can be removed before they turn into cancer. Screening can also find colorectal cancer early when it is easiest to treat. A new CDC report says that rates of new cases and deaths of colorectal cancer are decreasing and more adults are being screened. Between 2003 and 2007, approximately 66,000 colorectal cancer cases were prevented and 32,000 lives were saved compared to 2002. Half of these prevented cases and deaths were due to screening." -p. 1Fact sheet released by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Office of Surveillance, Epidemiology and Laboratory Services (OSELS) in association with: Vital signs: colorectal cancer screening, incidence, and mortality -- United States, 2002-2010 published: MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report ; v. 60, early release, July 5, 2011, p. 1-6."223580-B.""April 2011.""Publication date: 07/05/2011."Title from title screen (viewed July 5, 2011).Mode of access: World Wide WebText document (PDF)

Preventing and controlling cancer: the nation's second leading cause of death

Describes CDC's Division of Cancer Prevention and Control (DCPC) cancer prevention and control activities."January 2008."Mode of access: World Wide web.Text (PDF), graphic

Colorectal cancer

"Binge drinking (men drinking 5 or more alcoholic drinks within a short period of time or women drinking 4 or more drinks during a short period of time) is a dangerous behavior for all ages. Drinking too much, including binge drinking, causes more than 79,000 deaths in the US each year and is a leading preventable cause of death. Binge drinking has not been well-recognized as a public health problem. More than 15% of US adults report binge drinking. It is most common in men, adults in the 18-34 age range, and people with household incomes of $75,000 or more. This is a community issue, not just an individual issue. This CDC report points out how common binge drinking is and what can be done about it." -p. 1Fact sheet released by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Office of Surveillance, Epidemiology and Laboratory Services (OSELS) in association with: Vital signs: colorectal cancer screening among adults aged 50-75 years - United States, 2008, published: MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2010 Jul 9;59(26):808-12; and: Vital signs: breast cancer screening among women aged 50-74 years - United States, 2008, published: MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2010 Jul 9;59(26):813-6."July 2010.""Publication date: 07/06/2010."Title from title screen (viewed November 16, 2010).Colrectal cancer: -- Problem -- Who's at risk? -- U.S. states info -- -- Breast cancer: -- Problem -- Who's at risk? -- U.S. states infoMode of access: World Wide WebText document (PDF)

Comprehensive Cancer Control Branch Program evaluation toolkit

The Comprehensive Cancer Control Branch (CCCB) is part of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's (CDC's) Division of Cancer Prevention and Control (DCPC). CCCB developed this toolkit to help funded programs meet the evaluation requirements established for their cooperative agreements. This toolkit provides general guidance on evaluation principles and techniques, as well as practical templates and tools; therefore, grantees can continue to use the toolkit to support their evaluation efforts even as the program evolves and priorities change.Toolkit overview -- 1. Evaluation primer -- 2. How to evaluate your CCC program -- 3. Glossary of evaluation terms -- 4. For further study -- 5. Toolkit evaluation: we want your feedback -- 6. References -- Appendix A. Key contacts and toolkit development -- Appendix B. Evaluation plan template -- Appendix C. Sample logic model"June 2010."Also available via the World Wide Web as an Acrobat .pdf file (3.79 MB, 81 p.).Includes bibliographical references (p. 65)

Community health advisors

v. 2 [NPIN 17931]: "This bibliography contains 133 citations of projects and programs being conducted by indigenous health workers at the community and neighborhood levels. These bibliographic abstracts describe programs from the 1960s through the present. The entries were selected to provide information to community health advisors on health promotion and disease prevention programs. Items in the bibliography are arranged into 17 sections: adolescents and teens; arthritis; asthma; cancer; college; diabetes; family; health promotion/disease prevention; injury/violence; maternal and child health; migrant workers; nutrition; quality of life; sexual behavior; substance abuse; tobacco control; and training programs. Among the data elements included in each citation are program name and contact, agency, program dates, health topics addressed, and the abstract. Availability information is provided when noted."v. 1. Models, research and practice, selected annotations-United States -- v. 2. Programs in the United States, health promotion and disease prevention -- v. 3. Workers, selected annotations and programs in the United States.prepared by Aspen Systems Corporation for the National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Public Health Service, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.Prepared by Aspen Systems Corporation under contract no. 200-92-0526.contract no. 200-92-052

Infectious diseases in children and adolescents in the Republic of Korea; Past & recent status

Compared to the past decades, in recent decades, environmental and hygienic conditions in the Republic of Korea have improved along with socioeconomic developments, and the incidence of most infectious diseases, especially vaccine-preventable diseases, has greatly decreased due to active immunization with the developed level of health care. However, the incidence of some diseases has been increasing, and new diseases have been emerging. To cope with such changes actively, the government put the "Law for Control and Prevention of Infectious Diseases" into effect; this law was entirely revised on December 30, 2010. In this report, I review the past and recent status of infectious diseases in the Republic of Korea, following the introduction of this law, on the basis of data in the "National Notifiable Disease Surveillance System", which had been accumulated between the years 1960 and 2010

A case-control study of determinants for high and low dental caries prevalence in Nevada youth

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The main purpose of this study was to compare the 30% of Nevada Youth who presented with the highest Decayed Missing and Filled Teeth (DMFT) index to a cohort who were caries free and to national NHANES data. Secondly, to explore the factors associated with higher caries prevalence in those with the highest DMFT scores compared to the caries-free group.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Over 4000 adolescents between ages 12 and 19 (Case Group: N = 2124; Control Group: N = 2045) received oral health screenings conducted in public/private middle and high schools in Nevada in 2008/2009 academic year. Caries prevalence was computed (Untreated decay scores [D-Score] and DMFT scores) for the 30% of Nevada Youth who presented with the highest DMFT score (case group) and compared to the control group (caries-free) and to national averages. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression was used to analyze the relationship between selected variables and caries prevalence.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>A majority of the sample was non-Hispanic (62%), non-smokers (80%), and had dental insurance (70%). With the exception of gender, significant differences in mean D-scores were found in seven of the eight variables. All variables produced significant differences between the case and control groups in mean DMFT Scores. With the exception of smoking status, there were significant differences in seven of the eight variables in the bivariate logistic regression. All of the independent variables remained in the multivariate logistic regression model contributing significantly to over 40% of the variation in the increased DMFT status. The strongest predictors for the high DMFT status were racial background, age, fluoridated community, and applied sealants respectively. Gender, second hand smoke, insurance status, and tobacco use were significant, but to a lesser extent.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Findings from this study will aid in creating educational programs and other primary and secondary interventions to help promote oral health for Nevada youth, especially focusing on the subgroup that presents with the highest mean DMFT scores.</p

Effects of maternal education on diet, anemia, and iron deficiency in Korean school-aged children

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>We investigated the relationship among socioeconomic status factors, the risk of anemia, and iron deficiency among school-aged children in Korea.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>The sample consisted of fourth-grade students aged 10 y recruited from nine elementary schools in Korean urban areas in 2008 (<it>n </it>= 717). Anthropometric and blood biochemistry data were obtained for this cross-sectional observational study. Anemia was defined as hemoglobin levels lower than 11.5 g/dl. Iron deficiency was defined as serum iron levels lower than 40 ug/dl. We also obtained data on parental education from questionnaires and on children's diets from 3-day food diaries. Parental education was categorized as low or high, with the latter representing an educational level beyond high school.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Children with more educated mothers were less likely to develop anemia (<it>P </it>= 0.0324) and iron deficiency (<it>P </it>= 0.0577) than were those with less educated mothers. This group consumed more protein (<it>P </it>= 0.0004) and iron (<it>P </it>= 0.0012) from animal sources than did the children of less educated mothers, as reflected by their greater consumption of meat, poultry, and derivatives (<it>P </it>< 0.0001). Logistic regression analysis revealed a significant inverse relationship between maternal education and the prevalence of anemia (odds ratio: 0.52; 95% confidence interval: 0.32, 0.85).</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>As a contributor to socioeconomic status, maternal education is important in reducing the risk of anemia and iron deficiency and in increasing children's consumption of animal food sources.</p

Nivel de conocimientos de estudiantes de medicina sobre diagnóstico y manejo del infarto agudo del miocardio

Introduction: acute myocardial infarction is a disease with high morbidity and mortality.Objective: to determine the knowledge level of medical students about the diagnosis and management of acute myocardial infarction.Method: an observational, descriptive and cross-sectional study was carried out between January and February 2022 in medical students from the University of Medical Sciences of Pinar del Río who participated in the provincial update workshop on acute myocardial infarction. Through intentional sampling, a sample of 92 students was selected. To collect the information, a survey was used using Google Forms.Results: the female sex (65,21%), the age group from 21 to 22 years (65,21%) and the fourth-year students (50%) prevailed. Hypertension was the most identified risk factor (97,98%). 97,82% of the students identified precordial pain as the main clinical manifestation. 100% identified the presentation with complications, where sudden death was the most identified (81,52%). 100% point to the electrocardiogram as the main complementary, where ST alterations were the most identified (84,78%). 95,65% of the students indicated constant monitoring of vital parameters and cardiovascular function as the management measure.Conclusions: Medicine students belonging to the clinical area at the University of Medical Sciences of Pinar del Río have an adequate level of knowledge about the diagnosis and management of acute myocardial infarction.Introducción: el infarto agudo del miocardio constituye una enfermedad con elevada morbilidad y mortalidad.Objetivo: determinar el nivel de conocimientos de estudiantes de medicina sobre el diagnóstico y manejo del infarto agudo del miocardioMétodo: se realizó un estudio observacional, descriptivo y transversal entre enero y febrero de 2022 en estudiantes de Medicina de la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Pinar del Río del ciclo clínico que participaron en el Taller provincial de actualización sobre infarto agudo de miocardio. Mediante un muestreo intencional se seleccionó una muestra de 92 estudiantes. Para la recolección de la información se empleó una encuesta mediante Google Forms.Resultados: predominó el sexo femenino (65,21 %), el grupo etario de 21 a 22 años (65,21 %) y los estudiantes de cuarto año (50 %). La hipertensión fue el factor de riesgo más identificado (97,98 %). El 97,82 % de los estudiantes identificó el dolor precordial como principal manifestación clínica. El 100 % identificó la presentación con complicaciones, donde la muerte súbita fue la más identificada (81,52 %). El 100 % señala al electrocardiograma como principal complementario, donde las alteraciones del ST fueron las más identificada (84,78 %). El 95,65 % de los estudiantes indicaron la monitorización constante de los parámetros vitales y función cardiovascular como la medida de manejo.Conclusiones: los estudiantes de Medicina pertenecientes al área clínica en la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Pinar del Río poseen un adecuado nivel de conocimientos sobre el diagnóstico y manejo del infarto agudo del miocardio.  

An assessment of American Indian women's mammography experiences

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Mortality from breast cancer has increased among American Indian/Alaskan Native (AI/AN) women. Despite this alarming reality, AI/AN women have some of the lowest breast cancer screening rates. Only 37% of eligible AI/AN women report a mammogram within the last year and 52% report a mammogram within the last two years compared to 57% and 72% for White women. The experiences and satisfaction surrounding mammography for AI/AN women likely are different from that of women of other racial/ethnic groups, due to cultural differences and limited access to Indian Health Service sponsored mammography units. The overall goals of this study are to identify and understand the mammography experiences and experiential elements that relate to satisfaction or dissatisfaction with mammography services in an AI/AN population and to develop a culturally-tailored AI/AN mammography satisfaction survey.</p> <p>Methods and Design</p> <p>The three project aims that will be used to guide this work are: 1) To compare the mammography experiences and satisfaction with mammography services of Native American/Alaska Native women with that of Non-Hispanic White, Hispanic, and Black women, 2) To develop and validate the psychometric properties of an American Indian Mammography Survey, and 3) To assess variation among AI/AN women's assessments of their mammography experiences and mammography service satisfaction. Evaluations of racial/ethnic differences in mammography patient satisfaction have received little study, particularly among AI/AN women. As such, qualitative study is uniquely suited for an initial examination of their experiences because it will allow for a rich and in-depth identification and exploration of satisfaction elements.</p> <p>Discussion</p> <p>This formative research is an essential step in the development of a validated and culturally tailored AI/AN mammography satisfaction assessment. Results from this project will provide a springboard from which a maximally effective breast cancer screening program to benefit AI/AN population will be developed and tested in an effort to alter the current breast cancer-related morbidity and mortality trajectory among AI/AN women.</p