Prostatomegaly in a young adolescent: unusual presentation with rare diagnosis

Prostatic mesenchymal tumours are extremely uncommon benign tumors and very few cases have been published. Our case presented with diarrhea and increased urinary frequency with normal serum PSA levels. On multi-parametric MRI diffusely enlarging prostate with loss of zonal anatomy with possibility of inflammatory etiology was suggested. Trus guided biopsies were reviewed, which followed by immunohistochemistry aided in the diagnosis of ganglioneuroma. Surgical resection represents the only choice for both diagnosis and treatment. Because of the benign nature of ganglioneuroma, adjuvant chemo or radiotherapy is not indicated but regular follow-up is necessary for an early risk of potential local recurrence. Prostatic ganglioneuroma is the first case being reported to the best of our knowledge. The aim of the study was to document a newly diagnosed entity at this site and segregate more literature about it.

Donor site morbidity in oral mucosa graft urethroplasty: implications of tobacco consumption

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The purpose of this prospective study was to evaluate the donor site morbidity in patients who have undergone oral mucosa graft urethroplasty for stricture of the urethra. The impact of smoking and oral consumption of tobacco and/or <it>paan masala </it>on the donor site was also assessed. This study is probably the first of its kind where the affect of smoking, <it>paan masala </it>and tobacco chewing on the donor site morbidity has been documented.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Forty-eight patients suffering from stricture of the urethra underwent oral mucosa graft urethroplasty between July 2005 and December 2007. The patients were divided into two groups (users or non-users) based on tobacco consumption and oral hygiene. The donor site was evaluated at frequent intervals for pain, swelling, numbness, bleeding, salivation and tightness of mouth.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Donor site morbidity was more in users with poor oral hygiene. Pain scores were higher amongst the users and the morbidity persisted longer in the users compared to non-users with good oral hygiene.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Patients who consume tobacco and have poor oral hygiene should be warned regarding poorer outcomes after oral mucosa graft urethroplasty.</p

Antegrade urethrogram: A technique to visualize the proximal bulbous urethral segment in anterior urethral stricture

In patients of stricture urethra that are on suprapubic catheter if the proximal bulbous urethral segment is not visualized at the time of voiding cystourethrography, antegrade urethrogram can be done. Through the suprapubic tract ureteric catheter is passed cystoscopically into the proximal urethra and contrast instilled to visualize the proximal urethra

Antiplatelet drugs and the perioperative period: What every urologist needs to know

Antiplatelet agents like aspirin and clopidogrel are widely used for indications ranging from primary and secondary prevention of myocardial infarction or stroke to prevention of coronary stent thrombosis after percutaneous coronary interventions. When patients receiving antiplatelet drugs are scheduled for surgery, urologists commonly advise routine periprocedural withdrawal of these drugs to decrease the hemorrhagic risks that may be associated if such therapy is continued in the perioperative period. This approach may be inappropriate as stopping antiplatelet drugs often exposes the patient to a more serious risk, i.e. the risk of developing an arterial thrombosis with its potentially fatal consequences. Moreover, it has been seen that the increase in perioperative bleeding if such drugs are continued is usually of a quantitative nature and does not shift the bleeding complication to a higher risk quality. We, in this mini review, look at the physiological role and pathological implications of platelets, commonly used antiplatelet therapy and how continuation or discontinuation of such therapy in the perioperative period affects the hemorrhagic and thrombotic risks, respectively. Literature on the subject between 1985 and 2008 is reviewed. The consensus that seems to have emerged is that the policy of routine discontinuation of antiplatelet drugs in the perioperative period must be discouraged and risk stratification must be employed while making decisions regarding continuation or temporary discontinuation of antiplatelet therapy. Although antiplatelet drugs may be discontinued in patients at a low risk for an arterial thrombotic event, they must be continued in patients where the risks of bleeding and complications related to excessive bleeding are less than the risks of developing arterial thrombosis