Lack of influence of the COX inhibitors metamizol and diclofenac on platelet GPIIb/IIIa and P-selectin expression in vitro

BACKGROUND: The effect of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) for reduced platelet aggregation and thromboxane A(2 )synthesis has been well documented. However, the influence on platelet function is not fully explained. Aim of this study was to examine the influence of the COX-1 inhibiting NSAIDs, diclofenac and metamizol on platelet activation and leukocyte-platelet complexes, in vitro. Surface expression of GPIIb/IIIa and P-selectin on platelets, and the percentage of platelet-leukocyte complexes were investigated. METHODS: Whole blood was incubated with three different concentrations of diclofenac and metamizol for 5 and 30 minutes, followed by activation with TRAP-6 and ADP. Rates of GPIIb/IIIa and P-selectin expression, and the percentage of platelet-leukocyte complexes were analyzed by a flow-cytometric assay. RESULTS: There were no significant differences in the expression of GPIIb/IIIa and P-selectin, and in the formation of platelet-leukocyte complexes after activation with ADP and TRAP-6, regarding both the time of incubation and the concentrations of diclofenac and metamizol. CONCLUSIONS: Accordingly, the inhibitory effect of diclofenac and metamizol on platelet aggregation is not related to a reduced surface expression of P-selectin and GPIIb/IIIa on platelets

Unsaturated long-chain fatty acids induce the respiratory burst of human neutrophils and monocytes in whole blood

Abstract Background It is increasingly recognized that infectious complications in patients treated with total parenteral nutrition (TPN) may be caused by altered immune responses. Neutrophils and monocytes are the first line of defence against bacterial and fungal infection through superoxide anion production during the respiratory burst. To characterize the impact of three different types of lipid solutions that are applied as part of TPN formulations, we investigated the unstimulated respiratory burst activation of neutrophils and monocytes in whole blood. Methods Whole blood samples were incubated with LCT (Intralipid®), LCT/MCT (Lipofundin®) and LCT-MUFA (ClinOleic®) in three concentrations (0.06, 0.3 and 0.6 mg ml-1) for time periods up to one hour. Hydrogen peroxide production during the respiratory burst of neutrophils and monocytes was measured by flow cytometry. Results LCT and LCT-MUFA induced a hydrogen peroxide production in neutrophils and monocytes without presence of a physiological stimulus in contrast to LCT/MCT. Conclusion We concluded that parenteral nutrition containing unsaturated oleic (C18:1) and linoleic (C18:2) acid can induce respiratory burst of neutrophils and monocytes, resulting in an elevated risk of tissue damage by the uncontrolled production of reactive oxygen species. Contradictory observations reported in previous studies may in part be the result of different methods used to determine hydrogen peroxide production.</p

Unsaturated long-chain fatty acids induce the respiratory burst of human neutrophils and monocytes in whole blood-0

Atelets and bacteria. (B) Neutrophils and monocytes were identified by setting a polygonal gate in a forward scatter/sideward scatter dot plot. The negative control sample (C) was used to define a marker for rhodamine 123 (FL 1) where less than 5% of the cells would be positive. The percentage of neutrophils having produced hydrogen peroxide following lipid incubation was determined by counting the number of rhodamine positive cells above this marker position and by dividing it by the whole number of events observed (D).<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "Unsaturated long-chain fatty acids induce the respiratory burst of human neutrophils and monocytes in whole blood"</p><p>http://www.nutritionandmetabolism.com/content/5/1/19</p><p>Nutrition & Metabolism 2008;5():19-19.</p><p>Published online 14 Jul 2008</p><p>PMCID:PMC2483276.</p><p></p

Unsaturated long-chain fatty acids induce the respiratory burst of human neutrophils and monocytes in whole blood-1

Atelets and bacteria. (B) Neutrophils and monocytes were identified by setting a polygonal gate in a forward scatter/sideward scatter dot plot. The negative control sample (C) was used to define a marker for rhodamine 123 (FL 1) where less than 5% of the cells would be positive. The percentage of neutrophils having produced hydrogen peroxide following lipid incubation was determined by counting the number of rhodamine positive cells above this marker position and by dividing it by the whole number of events observed (D).<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "Unsaturated long-chain fatty acids induce the respiratory burst of human neutrophils and monocytes in whole blood"</p><p>http://www.nutritionandmetabolism.com/content/5/1/19</p><p>Nutrition & Metabolism 2008;5():19-19.</p><p>Published online 14 Jul 2008</p><p>PMCID:PMC2483276.</p><p></p

Normobaric Hyperoxia for Treatment of Pneumocephalus after Posterior Fossa Surgery in the Semisitting Position: A Prospective Randomized Controlled Trial

<div><p>Background</p><p>Supratentorial pneumocephalus after posterior fossa surgery in the semisitting position may lead to decreased alertness and other symptoms. We here aimed to prove the efficacy of normobaric hyperoxia on the absorption of postoperative pneumocephalus according to a standardized treatment protocol.</p><p>Methods and Findings</p><p>We enrolled 44 patients with postoperative supratentorial pneumocephalus (> 30 ml) after posterior fossa surgery in a semisitting position. After randomisation procedure, patients received either normobaric hyperoxia at FiO₂ 100% over an endotracheal tube for 3 hours (treatment arm) or room air (control arm). Routine cranial CT scans were performed immediately (CT1) and 24 hours (CT2) after completion of surgery and were rated without knowledge of the therapy arm. Two co-primary endpoints were assessed: (i) mean change of pneumocephalus volume, and (ii) air resorption rate in 24 hours. Secondary endpoints were subjective alertness (Stanford Sleepiness Scale) postoperatively and attention (Stroop test), which were evaluated preoperatively and 24 hours after surgery. The mean change in pneumocephalus volume was higher in patients in the treatment arm as compared to patients in the control arm (p = 0.001). The air resorption rate was higher in patients in the treatment arm as compared to patients in the control arm (p = 0.0015). Differences were more pronounced in patients aged 52 years and older. No difference between patients in treatment arm and control arm was observed for the Stroop test. The distribution of scores in the Stanford Sleepiness Scale differed in the treatment arm as compared to the control arm, and there was a difference in mean values (p = 0.015).</p><p>Conclusions</p><p>Administration of normobaric hyperoxia at FiO₂ 100% via an endotracheal tube for 3 hours is safe and efficacious in the treatment of pneumocephalus after posterior fossa surgery in the semisitting position. Largest benefit was found in elderly patients and particularly in older men.</p><p>Trial Registration</p><p>German Clinical Trials Register <a href="https://drks-neu.uniklinik-freiburg.de/drks_web/navigate.do?navigationId=trial.HTML&TRIAL_ID=DRKS00006273" target="_blank">DRKS00006273</a></p></div