Squamous Cell Carcinoma in African Children with Xeroderma Pigmentosum: Three Case Reports

Introduction: Xeroderma pigmentosum is a rare autosomal recessive genetic disease. This disease predisposes patients to early-onset skin cancers, particularly squamous cell carcinoma. Here, we report 3 pediatric cases, including 2 deaths. Observation: The subjects included 2 boys and 1 girl with skin type VI. All subjects were from consanguineous marriages, and the average age was 7.6 years. The patients all had ulcerative budding tumor lesions in the cephalic region, and the mean disease duration was 18 months. In all 3 cases, the diagnosis of xeroderma pigmentosum was made before the poikilodermal appearance of sun-exposed areas and photophobia. Neurological-type mental retardation was noted in 1 case. Histology confirmed squamous cell carcinoma in all 3 cases. The evolutions were marked by the death of 2 children (cases 1 and 3). In one case, the outcome was favorable following cancer excision and subsequent chemotherapy with adjuvant radiotherapy. Conclusion: Squamous cell carcinoma is a serious complication related to xeroderma pigmentosum in Sub-Saharan Africa. Prevention is based on the early diagnosis of xeroderma pigmentosum, black skin photoprotection, screening and early treatment of lesions, and genetic counseling

Bacterial dermohypodermitis at the Thies Regional Hospital, Senegal (West Africa): A retrospective study of 425 cases

Introduction: Bacterial dermohypodermitis (BDH) risk factors identified in the literature on series of national hospitals are: obesity, diabetes, lymphedema, venous insufficiency. We report a series in a regional hospital. Material and Methods: This was a retrospective study, conducted over a period of 9 years from 1 January 2007 to 31 December 2015. All data of patients received for BDH including. Socio-demographic, clinical, para-clinical and evolution variables was collected and analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) Version 20 software. Results: Of the 35,692 patients received in consultation, 425 had BDH (1.19%) and 33.7% were hospitalized. The mean age was 40.6 ± 17.02 years. The age groups 16-59 years were 81% of the cases. There was a female predominance (74%) with a sex ratio H/F = 0.35. The average time to consultation was 8.1 ± 9.5 days for BDH. The lesion were located in the lower limbs in 90.4% cases. The average hospital stay was 8.6 ± 4.7 days. Artificial skin bleaching (p = 0.003), non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (p = 0.001), high blood pressure (p = 0.013), obesity (p = 0.028) were the risk factors identified in our series. Conclusions: Our series shows that the emergence of BDH also affects regional hospitals in West Africa. It also confirms that artificial skin bleaching, Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, high blood pressure, obesity are aggravating factors

Les aspects des frottis cervico-vaginaux chez les femmes vivants avec le VIH suivies à Thiès/Sénégal et association avec le degré d’immunodépression

De nombreuses études ont démontré que les femmes infectées par le VIH ont un risque accru de survenue de néoplasies cervicales intra épithéliales. L'association entre les deux affections étant bidirectionnelle, l'objectif était de décrire les anomalies cervicales chez les femmes séropositives au virus de l'immunodéficience humaine (VIH), de rechercher des facteurs associés et de proposer des recommandations en termes de suivi de ces femmes. Il s'agissait d'une étude transversale, multicentrique recensant l'ensemble des frottis cervico-vaginaux (FCV) et des colposcopies des patientes infectées par le VIH entre 2012 et 2014 dans les services de dermatologie de Thiès et de Mbour. Les données étaient recueillies et analysées par le logiciel EPI Info 2012 version 3.5.4. Les tests statistiques ont été effectués avec un seuil de significativité p < 0,05. Etaient inclus 125 patientes. L'âge moyen était de 38,98 ± 10.2 ans [20-77]. Il n'y avait aucun signe d'appels dans 82.4%. Le FCV était normal dans 32.8%, inflammatoire dans 44.8%. Les anomalies cytologiques concernaient 22,4% dont, ASC-H (suspicion de lésions de haut grade: 2.4%), LSIL (lésions de bas grade: 8.8%), HSIL (lésions de haut grade: 4%). Leur majorité (60.7%) avaient un taux de CD4 < 500 et étaient au stade 3 de l'OMS dans 64.3%; la biopsie montrait une dysplasie sévère chez 37.5% des patientes ayant pu réaliser cet examen. Deux patientes ont bénéficié d'un traitement curatif notamment l'exérèse chirurgicale. La survenue de dysplasies cervicales même précoces semble être associée à un stade avancé de l'infection VIH. Un dépistage et un traitement précoces sont absolument nécessaires.The Pan African Medical Journal 2015;2