SYNTHESIS OF BIS-BENZIMIDAZOLES N-ALKYL ANTI-INFECTIOUS DERIVATES

Objective: The objective of this work is to synthesize new molecules with biological characteristics against some infectious germs. Methods: The method of synthesis is based on the exploitation of the reactivity of the position-1 of the benzimidazole. It consisted of reacting the bis-benzimidazole 5 with the 1,2-dicloroethane in a solution of NaOH 2N (6,4%). The compound 6 is refluxed with ethanol with the different thioaryls to lead to compounds 7. Results: Thus, a series of molecules derived from bis-benzimidazoles were synthesized including N-alkylated 6 and 7a-d. The characterization of these newly synthesized compounds was performed by NMR (1H and 13C) and mass spectroscopy methods. Conclusion: The purified and characterized compounds 6 and 7a-d allow the development of a new chemical class of anti-infectives

Multi-element, multi-compound isotope profiling as a means to distinguish the geographical and varietal origin of fermented cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) beans

International audienc

Difficulties in Differentiating Natural from Synthetic Alkaloids by Isotope Ratio Monitoring using (13) C Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectrometry

International audienceWithin the food and pharmaceutical industries, there is an increasing legislative requirement for the accurate labeling of the products origin. A key feature of this is to indicate whether the product is of natural or synthetic origin. With reference to this context, we have investigated three alkaloids commonly exploited for human use: nicotine, atropine, and caffeine. We have measured by (13) C nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry the position-specific distribution of (13) C at natural abundance within several samples of each of these target molecules. This technique is well suited to distinguishing between origins, as the distribution of the (13) C isotope reflects the primary source of the carbon atoms and the process by which the molecule was (bio)synthesized. Our findings indicate that labeling can be misleading, especially in relation to a supplied compound being labeled as synthetic even though its (13) C profile indicates a natural origin

Changes in HIV-Related Cervical Cancer Over a Decade in Cote d'Ivoire

PURPOSE: Major improvements have occurred in access to invasive cervical cancer (ICC) screening in HIV-infected women over the past decade in sub-Saharan Africa. However, there is limited information on changes in the burden of HIV-related ICC at a population level. Our objective was to compare HIV-related ICC over a decade and document factors associated with HIV infection in women with ICC in Côte d'Ivoire. METHODS: A repeated cross-sectional study was conducted in referral hospitals of Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire, through the 2009-2011 and 2018-2020 periods. Women diagnosed with ICC were systematically tested for HIV. Demographics, ICC risk factors, cancer stage (International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics), and HIV characteristics were collected through questionnaires. Characteristics of HIV-related ICC were compared between the periods, and factors associated with HIV in women diagnosed with ICC in 2018-2020 were documented through a multivariable logistic model. RESULTS: During the 2009-2011 and 2018-2020 periods, 147 and 297 women with ICC were diagnosed with estimated HIV prevalence of 24.5% and 21.9% (P = .53), respectively. In HIV-infected women, access to antiretroviral treatment increased from 2.8% to 73.8% (P < 10(-4)) and median CD4 cell count from 285 (IQR, 250-441) to 492 (IQR, 377-833) cells/mm(3) (P = .03). In women diagnosed with ICC during the 2018-2020 period, HIV infection was associated with a less advanced clinical stage (International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics I or II stage) (adjusted OR, 2.2 [95% CI, 1.1 to 4.4]) and with ICC diagnosis through a systematic screening (adjusted OR, 10.5 [95% CI, 2.5 to 45.5]). CONCLUSION: Despite a persistently high proportion of HIV-related ICC over time in Côte d'Ivoire, HIV was associated with less advanced clinical stage at ICC diagnosis. Recent improvements in ICC screening services across HIV clinics might explain this association and support their implementation across non-HIV health facilities

The Spectrum of Cancers in West Africa: Associations with Human Immunodeficiency Virus

<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Cancer is a growing co-morbidity among HIV-infected patients worldwide. With the scale-up of antiretroviral therapy (ART) in developing countries, cancer will contribute more and more to the HIV/AIDS disease burden. Our objective was to estimate the association between HIV infection and selected types of cancers among patients hospitalized for diagnosis or treatment of cancer in West Africa.</p> <h3>Methods</h3><p>A case-referent study was conducted in referral hospitals in Côte d’Ivoire and Benin. Each participating clinical ward enrolled all adult patients seeking care for a confirmed diagnosis of cancer and clinicians systematically proposed an HIV test. HIV prevalence was compared between AIDS-defining cancers and a subset of selected non-AIDS defining cancers to a referent group of non-AIDS defining cancers not reported in the literature to be positively or inversely associated with HIV. An unconditional logistic model was used to estimate odds ratios (OR) and their 95% confidence intervals (CI) of the risk of being HIV-infected for selected cancers sites compared to a referent group of other cancers.</p> <h3>Results</h3><p>The HIV overall prevalence was 12.3% (CI 10.3–14.4) among the 1,017 cancer cases included. A total of 442 patients constituted the referent group with an HIV prevalence of 4.7% (CI 2.8–6.7). In multivariate analysis, Kaposi sarcoma (OR 62.2 [CI 22.1–175.5]), non-Hodgkin lymphoma (4.0 [CI 2.0–8.0]), cervical cancer (OR 7.9 [CI 3.8–16.7]), anogenital cancer (OR 11.6 [CI 2.9–46.3]) and liver cancer (OR 2.7 [CI 1.1–7.7]) were all associated with HIV infection.</p> <h3>Conclusions</h3><p>In a time of expanding access to ART, AIDS-defining cancers remain highly associated with HIV infection. This is to our knowledge, the first study reporting a significant association between HIV infection and liver cancer in sub-Saharan Africa.</p> </div

Distribution of ART use in HIV-positive patients according to the different AIDS and non-AIDS defining cancers

<p><b>in Côte d’Ivoire and Benin, the IeDEA West Africa Collaboration, 2009–2011.</b> *Patients not known to be HIV-positive prior t the study conduction † Patients with a previously documented HIV infection.</p

Association between selected cancers and HIV infection in Côte d’Ivoire and Benin, the IeDEA West Africa collaboration, 2009–2011.

*<p>Adjusted on age taken as a continuous variable, gender (except for invasive cervical cancer) and lifetime number of sexual partners (<5 <i>versus</i> ≥5).</p>**<p>n/N: number of HIV+ patients/number of patients with cancer.</p>†<p>Control group of cancers not known to be related with HIV infection from the existing literature: prostate, breast, colon/rectum, oesophagus, stomach, pancreas, endometrium, ovary, endocrine, sarcomas other than Kaposi sarcoma.</p>‡<p>See <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0048108#pone.0048108.s001" target="_blank">Table S1</a> for morphological types.</p><p>Abbreviations: OR Odd Ratio, CI Confidence Interval.</p

Distribution of patients according to their cancer primary site and HIV status in Côte d’Ivoire and Benin (N = 1,017), the IeDEA West Africa collaboration. 2009–2011.

<p>*Other than Kaposi sarcoma †Except melanoma ∫Other locations including esophagus (n = 10), endocrine tumors (N = 9), gallbladder & bile ducts (N = 8) and other minor cancer types (n = 20).</p