Examining Vibrations in Dental Procedures

Dugogodišnjim radom mogu se zbog djelovanja vibracija i u stomatologa i u zubnih tenhičara pojaviti određene zdravstvene poteškoće. Svrha rada bila je izmjeriti i usporediti neke parametare u vezi s vibracijama koje utječu na zdravlje stomatologa i zubnih tehničara i to vibracija koje proizvode tehnicki mikromotori sa svrdlima različitih oblika i materijala pri različitim brojevima okretaja. Vibracije su mjerene akcelerometrom postavljenim na tehničkom mikromotoru te na određenim dijelovima tijela ispitanika, uređajem koji se sastoji od piezosenzora, pojačala, filtara i prijenosnog uređaja za snimanje. Dobiveni signali analizirani su računalnim programom SpectraLAB i uspoređeni sa sadašnjim međunarodnim standardima. Statistička raščlamba podataka izvedena je s pomoću programskih paketa: STATISTICA for Windows, Release 5.5 H i SPSS for Windows. Temeljni čimbenik koji utječe na vibraciju jest broj okretaja kojim se služimo tijekom obradbe protetskoga rada. Dobiveni rezultati pokazuju da su vrijednosti ubrzanja vibracija unutar vrijedećih standarda, premda su vrijednosti vibracija radom na 40000 okretaja/min. vrlo blizu gornjoj granici tih standarda. Spektrografska raščlamba vibracija pokazala je da broj okretaja određuje na kojim će frekvencijama biti izražene vršne vrijednosti. Budući da postoje dokazane vibracijske bolesti stomatologa i zubnih tehničara preporučuje se upozoravati osobe koje rukuju takvim alatima na moguće posljedice, a dobiveni rezultati mogu biti korisni da bi se prevenirale takve bolesti i upotrebljavale brzine okretaja koje proizvode najmanje vibracija.Certain health problems may appear both in dentists and dental technicians due to long periods of exposure to vibrations. The aim of the study was to measure and compare some factors related to vibrations which affect the health of dentists and dental techicians, particularly those produced by mocromotors with drills of different shapes, made of different materials rotating at different speeds. Vibrations were measured by an accelerometre which was placed an the technical micromotor and on various body parts of subjects. The device consists of a piezosensor, an amplifier, a filter and mobile recording device. The obtained signals were analysed by the SpectraLAB computer programme and consequently compared with presently valid international standards. Statistical data analysis was carried out by PC software, STATISTICA for Windows, Release 5.5 H and SPSS for Windows, Release 7.5. The main factor that effects vibration is the rotation number used in the course of prosthetic replacement processing. The obtained results point to the fact that the vibration acceleration values are within accepted standards, although the vibration values at 40000 rotations per minute approach the maximum limit of these standards. The spactral analysis of vibration revealed that the rotation number determined the frequencies of the maximum values. Since there is strong evidence to support vibration related illnes in dentists and dental technicians, it is recommended that individuals who use such devices be warned about the possible harmful effects. The obtained results may be used in prevention of such illness. They are also recommended to use rotation speeds which produce the least vibrations

The Interaction of the Professional, Psychological and Sociological Aspect in Planning Dental Rehabilitation

Svaki bi stomatolog u prvome redu trebao misliti na zdravlje i interese svojega pacijenta te ga potpuno i iskreno izvijestiti o potrebi i mogućnosti terapije. Kako pacijenti nemaju znanja iz područja struke, ne mogu sami odlučivati o vrsti i tijeku terapije. Uloga stomatologa je izraditi vrstan plan terapije te pripremiti pacijenta na rehabilitaciju i uputiti ga u očekivane rezultate. Planirati terapiju složen je i zahtjevan posao. On nužno traži sjedinjenje spoznaja iz područja prakse i znanosti sa sociopsihološkim pristupom pacijentu, ali i temeljima medicinske etike.The priority of each dentist should be the health and care, as well as the welfare of his patient. The dentist should explain the therapeutical process, inform the patient in detail about the chosen therapy and keep him updated. The patients, usually lacking professional knowledge, or insufficiently informed, are unable to choose the type and the course of the therapy. The role of the dentist is to prepare the therapy plan, as well as the rehabilitation of the patient, and to instruct him as to the desired results. Preparing the therapy plan is a very demanding part of the process, which necessarily unites practical knowledge and scientific and socio -psychological approach to the patient, medical ethics included

Influence of the Partial Denture on the Articulation of Dental and Postalveolar Sounds

Dental prosthesis is a foreign body in oral cavity and thus necessarily interferes with speech articulation. The purpose of this study was to examine influence of partial denture on speech quality and to show eventual differences in pronunciation of dental sounds c, z, s and postalveolar sounds č, ž and š. We have examined differences in pronunciation between subjects with removable partial dentures, the same group without partial dentures and a control group. The study was performed on 30 subjects with removable partial dentures and 30 subjects with complete dental arch. All subjects were recorded while reading six Croatian words containing the examined sounds. Recordings were analyzed with Multispeech Program (Kay Elemetrics Inc.). Acoustic analysis – LPC (linear prediction coding) provided formant peaks (Hz) for each examined sound, its intensity (dB) and formant bandwidths (Hz). Results showed that subjects with partial dentures had 50% less distorted variables and that prostheses did not completely restore articulation of postalveolar sounds. Groups with and without prostheses had lower formant peaks intensities and wider formant bandwidths in comparison to the control group. Partial dentures have not significantly interfered with resonance frequency. At the same time, pronunciation of the examined sounds was significantly improved. However, precision of the articulation movements has deteriorated

Magnetic Fields in the Dental Surgery

U radu su mjerena magnetna polja u zubnim ordinacijama uz pomoć posebno konstruirane naprave s Hallovim pokusom. Napravom su se mjerili srednji kvadrati udaljenosti magnetnoga polja u ovisnosti o položaju pojedinog stomatološkog uređaja u prostoru. Dobiveni su podatci analizirani metodom jednostavne statističke regresije. Istraživanja su pokazala da je jakost magnetnoga polja većine ispitivanih uređaja neopasna za čovjeka. Ona se smanjuje što je udaljenost veća od izvora zračenja. Stariji uređaji zrače jače od uređaja novije proizvodnje.In this study magnetic fields in dental surgeries were measured by means of a specially constructed device with a Hall\u27s probe. The purpose was to measure the mean square distance of the magnetic field in relation to the position of dental apparatus in the area. The dana obtained were analysed by the method of simple statistical regression. The study showed that the force of the magnetic field of the majority of the examined apparatus is harmless to man. The force decreases with increasing distance from the source of radiation. Older apparatus radiates stronger than newer products

SEM Analysis of Tooth Enamel

SEM analysis contains researches of tooth enamel surfaces of two populations. First group of samples is tooth enamel of prehistorically ancestor from Vu~edol and the second group of samples is enamel of modern Croatian citizen. Even on small number of human teeth samples from cooperage site of Vu~edol (3,000 BC) and today’s Croatian people, we can conclude about chewing biometry of prehistorically ancestors and today’s modern Croatian people, comparing interspecifically the morphology of enamel microdefects. With the interspecific comparison of morphology changes on tooth occlusal surfaces, we can connect the size and shape of abrasive particles and diet with microdefects of tooth enamel

TECHNOLOGY OF OZONE APPLICATIONS IN VITAL MEDICAL FIELDS

Veliki broj bolesti nastaje prvenstveno zbog nedostatka kisika u tkivima zbog akumulacije toksina u tijelu. Bezbolan i prirodan tretman ozonom pomaže kod operativnog oporavka i liječenja brojnih ozljeda i bolesti, pa čak i tumora, a za sada se najčešće koristi u stomatologiji. Ozon ima pozitivan utjecaj na zacjeljivanje rana, stimulaciju imunološkog sustava, oksigenaciju i protok krvi u tkivu, te smanjuje oticanje i bol.A large number of disease is primarily due to the lack of oxygen in the tissue due to the accumulation of toxins in the body. Painless and natural treatment with ozone helps with after-operating recovery and cure numerous injuries and illnesses, even tumors, and for now the most commonly used in dentistry. Ozone has a positive effect on wound healing, stimulation of the immune system, oxygenation and blood flow to tissues and to reduce swelling and pain

APPLICATIONS OF OZONE COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY IN VITAL MEDICAL FIELDS

Veliki broj bolesti nastaje prvenstveno zbog nedostatka kisika u tkivu i zbog nakupljanja toksina u tijelu. Bezbolno i prirodno liječenje ozonom pomaže kod poslije-operacijskog oporavka, a može izliječiti mnogobrojne povrede i oboljenja, čak i novotvorine, a zasad se najčešće koristi u stomatologiji. Ozon ima pozitivan učinak na zacjeljivanje rana, stimulaciju imunosnog sustava, oksigenaciju i prokrvljenost tkiva, te na smanjenje oteklina i boli. Klinička istraživanja ozona dovela su do zaključka kako ozon u liječenju ginekoloških upalnih bolesti ima u osnovi antioksidacijski učinak, a istovremeno služi kao popravljač stanične i humoralne imunosti. Ozon u liječenju takvih stanja ima detoksicirajući, analgetični i sedativni učinak što dovodi do smanjenja standardnih lijekova koji bi se koristili u navedenim stanjima. Osim u ginekologiji, ozon ima primjenu i u drugim granama medicine s ciljem poboljšanja cirkulacije i opskrbe tkiva krvnim tjelešcima i kisikom, liječenju upala i sprječavanju osnova za razvoj brojnih bolesti i zločudnih novotvorina u njihovim temeljima.A large number of diseases occur primarily due to lack of oxygen in the tissue and because of accumulation of toxins in the body. Painless an natural treatment with ozone helps with postoperating recovery, and can cure many diseases and injuries, and even tumors, and is now commonly used in dentistry. Ozone has a positive effect on wound healing, stimulation of the immune system, circulation and tissue oxygenation and on reduction of swelling and pain. Clinical studies of ozone have led to the conclusion that ozone in the treatment of inflammatory gynecological diseases has basically the antioxidant effect, while also serving as a fixer of cellular and humoral immunity. Ozone in the treatment of such conditions has detoxicating, analgetic and sedative effects, what leads to a reduction of standard drugs used in these situations. Except in gynecology, ozone has applications in other fields of medicine: it improves blood circulation and supply of blood cells and tissue with oxygen, it helps with many diseases and malignant neoplasms in their foundations

Measurement of the Magnetic Field in Dental Laboratories

Znanost pokušava otkriti sve aspekte djelovanja magnetnoga polja na čovjeka. Podatci su o uporabi magneta u stomatologiji malobrojni. Svrha rada bila je izmjeriti magnetna polja u zubnim laboratorijima, a istodobno oduzeti istosmjernu sastavnicu Zemljinoga magnetnoga polja. Pri mjerenju se upotrebljavao posebno konstruiran uređaj koji se sastoji od dvaju pojačala i niskofrekventnoga filtra, kojega je zadaća izmjeriti srednje kvadrate vrijednosti polja u ovisnosti o položaju objekta u prostoru. Rezultati našeg ispitivanja pokazuju da se magnetno polje smanjuje udaljavanjem od izvora zračenja, te da noviji uređaji emitiraju slabije magnetno polje od uređaja starije proizvodnje.While efforts are being made by science to discover all aspects ofthe effects of the magnetic field on man, data on the use of magnets in dental medicine are few. Thus, the aim of this study was to measure the magnetic field in dental laboratories, and at the same time to exclude the direct component of the Earth’s magnetic field. A specially constructed device was used for measurement, consisting of two amplifiers and a low frequency filter, by which the mean square of the value of the field was measured, depending on the position of the object in the area. The results of the study show that the magnetic field decreases with distance from the source of radiation, and that newer apparatus emits a weaker magnetic field than older apparatus

Magnetic Fields in the Dental Surgery

U radu su mjerena magnetna polja u zubnim ordinacijama uz pomoć posebno konstruirane naprave s Hallovim pokusom. Napravom su se mjerili srednji kvadrati udaljenosti magnetnoga polja u ovisnosti o položaju pojedinog stomatološkog uređaja u prostoru. Dobiveni su podatci analizirani metodom jednostavne statističke regresije. Istraživanja su pokazala da je jakost magnetnoga polja većine ispitivanih uređaja neopasna za čovjeka. Ona se smanjuje što je udaljenost veća od izvora zračenja. Stariji uređaji zrače jače od uređaja novije proizvodnje.In this study magnetic fields in dental surgeries were measured by means of a specially constructed device with a Hall\u27s probe. The purpose was to measure the mean square distance of the magnetic field in relation to the position of dental apparatus in the area. The dana obtained were analysed by the method of simple statistical regression. The study showed that the force of the magnetic field of the majority of the examined apparatus is harmless to man. The force decreases with increasing distance from the source of radiation. Older apparatus radiates stronger than newer products

The Influence of Age on Tooth Root Colour Changes

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between tooth root colour and age, and its possible application in age assessment. In this research altogether 100 tooth roots have been analysed. All teeth, that is their roots, were digitally recorded and the colorimetric treatment was made using Adobe Photoshop 7.0 computer program. Studies have shown no significant difference between RGB values analysed on the whole root surface or only on its central part, with certainty p>0.99. It is also established that there is no statistically significant difference in colouration on four anatomical surfaces (buccal, mesial, lingual, distal) of tooth roots with certainty p>0.99 for red, p>0.99 for green and p>0.50 for blue colouration component. Statistical data interpretation showed that there is a linear correlation between obtained RGB values and age, with r=–0.994, p>0.99 for red component, r=–0.972, p>0.99 for green and r=–0.982, p>0.95 for blue colouration component. From the obtained results it is possible to conclude that analysing the above mentioned parameter we can easily establish dental age and this technique can be the basis of practical application in establishing chronological age of man