Primena GIS u proceni topografskih i hemijskih parametara pogodnosti za uzgoj vinove loze

In this paper, unique vineyard plots are selected, according to suitability of topographic and chemical parameters in municipality of Krupanj. Separation of vineyard plots was performed using GIS, which enables processing, analysis and presentation of spatial data. Benefits of GIS tools in the preparation of this work were highlighted during the presentation of topographic factors from DEM and through the use of geostatistics in processing spatial data. By analyzing only the topographic parameters, it was concluded that 0.97 km2 of municipality area has ideal conditions for growing vines, but only 0.0039 km2 according to both topographic and chemical parameters. The applied methodology allows fast and reliable determination of sites that are ideal for growing grapes. This gives a basis to municipal authorities for realistic assessment of significance and conditions, as well as further developments planning.U ovom radu izdvojene su jedinstvene vinogradarske parcele na osnovu povoljnih topografskih i hemijskih parametara plodnosti na području opštine Krupanj. Izdvajanje vinogradarskih parcela izvedeno je primenom GIS (Geografski Informacioni Sistem) tehnologija koje nam pružaju mogućnosti obrade, analize i prezentacije prostornih podataka. Prednosti GIS alata u izradi ovog rada bile su naglašene prilikom izvođenja topografskog faktora iz DEM-a (Digitalni Elevacioni Model) i kroz upotrebu geostatistike u obradi prostornih podataka U radu je utvrđeno da, analizirajući samo topografske parametre, 0.97km2 opštine ima idealne uslove za uzgajanje vinove loze, dok svega 0.0039 km2 opštine poseduje jedinstvene vinogradarske parcela izdvojene po oba kriterijuma: topografski i hemijski parametri. Primenjena metodologija pruža mogućnost brzog i pouzdanog utvrđivanja lokaliteta koji su idealni za uzgajanje vinove loze. Time se opštinskim službama daje osnova za realnu procenu stvarnog značaja, povoljnosti uslova i planiranje daljeg razvoja ove vrste proizvodnje

Prinos i kvalitet krtola krompira u zavisnosti od đubrenja

Research on the effect of different rates and methods of application of mineral NPK fertilizers on the yield and quality of potato variety ‘Carrera’ was conducted on a luvisol of the Radočelo Mountain massif. Treatments included an unfertilized control, NPK 16:16:16 (1500 kg ha) applied in-furrow at planting, NPK 16:16:16 (1200kg ha-1) applied in-furrow at planting, and NPK 16:16:16 applied at 700 kg ha-1 during seedbed preparation and 500 kg ha-1 in-furrow at planting. Mineral fertilizers led to a very significant increase in tuber yield compared to the control, giving the highest total yield under 1500 kg ha-1 NPK treatment. Results on the nutritional value of potato tubers showed that the levels of tested nutrients were higher in the skin than in the flesh. The concentrations of tested nutrients in potato tubers were highest at the highest NPK fertilizer rate.Ispitivanje uticaja različitih doza i načina primene mineralnog đubriva NPK 16:16:16 (1500 kg ha-1, primenjenog u brazde zavreme sadnje, 1200 kg ha-1, primenjenog u brazde za vreme sadnje i 700 kg ha-1 za vreme predsetvene pripreme uz 500 kg ha-1 u brazde za vreme sadnje) na prinos i kvalitet krompira sorte Karera izvedeno je na lesiviranom zemljištu (luvisolu) planinskog masiva Radočelo. Primenjena mineralna đubriva su uticala na značajno povećanje prinosa u odnosu na kontrolu, pri čemu je značajno veći prinos postignut na varijanti sa većom količinom đubriva u odnosu na ostale varijante. Primena iste doze NPK đubriva različitim načinima unošenja nije značajno uticala na prinos i kvalitet krtola krompira. Analizom krtola krompira je utvrđeno da je sadržaj svih elemenata bio veći u kori u odnosu na srž krtole, kao i da je najveći sadržaj bio na varijanti sa najvećom dozom NPK đubriva

Procena uticaja navodnjavanja višegodišnjih zasada na stabilnost strukturnih mikroagregata i rizik od stvaranja pokorice

The soil structure is very dynamic measure, especially in the topsoil horizon, given that changes can occur under the influence of climatic factors, cultivated plants, amelioration measures and tillage. In the area of the Danube region, in September 2015, it was conducted the study on the effect of the perennial plants irrigation on the structural microaggregates stability and the risk of the soil crusting on three selected locations in agricultural soil samples taken from the surface layer (0-30 cm). In the analysed soil samples in disturbed state it was determined the ratio between the total content of particles of less than 0.002 mm (clay) in soil samples prepared with sodium pyrophosphate and the content of such particles in soil suspension prepared with water. The degree of the stability of microaggregates was expressed according to Vageler, in relation to their estimated stability index. The risk of the soil crust formation was determined according to a Van der Watt & Claassen pattern. The obtained results showed that the soil samples have stable to very stable degree of the structural microaggregates stability and that an irrigation did not significantly affect the analysed parameter. In the analysed samples the risk of the soil crusting is high to borderline.Struktura zemljišta je veoma dinamična veličina, naročito u orničnom horizontu, koji je i ispitivan, obzirom da do promena može doći pod uticajem klimatskih činilaca, gajenih biljaka, primenjenih meliorativnih mera i obrade. Na području Podunavske oblasti, tokom septembra 2015. godine, sprovedena su ispitivanja uticaja navodnjavanja višegodišnjih zasada na stabilnost strukturnih mikroagregata i rizik od stvaranja pokorice na tri odabrane lokacije u uzorcima poljoprivrednog zemljišta iz površinskog sloja (0-30 cm). U ispitivanim uzorcima zemljišta u poremećenom stanju, određen je stepen stabilnosti mikroagregata, izražen prema Vageler-u, na osnovu određenog odnosa između ukupnog sadržaja čestica manjih od 0,002 mm (gline) u uzorku zemljišta pripremljenog sa natrijum pirofosfatom i sadržaja tih čestica u suspenziji zemljišta pripremljenog sa vodom. Određen je i rizik od stvaranja pokorice, po obrascu Van der Watt & Claassena. Dobijeni rezultati pokazuju da ispitivani uzorci zemljišta imaju stabilan do vrlo stabilan stepen stabilnosti strukturnih mikroagregata i da navodnjavanje nije u znatnoj meri uticalo na ispitivani parametar. U ispitivanim uzorcima rizik od stvaranja pokorice je visok do graničan

Stanje i problemi u proizvodnji kabaste stočne hrane u zapadnoj Srbiji

In order to improve forage production, through more efficient use of agricultural land, conducted a study of fertility and soil acidity, and the manner of its use in hilly and mountainous areas of the Municipality of Kosjerić. The largest number of sampled soil is acidic chemical reaction, very low the level of provision easily accessible phosphorus, which is a limiting factor in successful growing legume. Depending on the results and the production potential of the sampled area and the needs of local farmers, were applied technologies that will contribute to increased yield or biomass and changing botanical composition in terms of increased participation of legumes.U cilju unapređenja proizvodnje stočne hrane, kroz efikasnije korišćenje poljoprivrednog zemljišta, vršeno je ispitivanje plodnosti i kiselosti zemljišta, kao i načina njegovog korišćenja u brdskim i planinskim područjima Opštine Kosjerić. Najveći broj uzorkovanih zemljišta je kisele hemijske reakcije, veoma niske obezbeđenosti lako pristupačnim fosforom, što predstavlja ograničavajući faktor pre svega uspešnom gajenju leguminoznih biljnih vrsta. U zavisnosti od dobijenih rezultata i proizvodnog potencijala uzorkovanih zemljišta kao i potreba lokalnih farmera, primenjene su tehnologije koje će doprineti povećanju prinosa biomase ali i promeni botaničkog sastava u smislu povećanog učešća višegodišnjih krmnih leguminoza

Bacterial Microbiota Isolated from Cysts of Globodera rostochiensis (Nematoda: Heteroderidae)

The potato cyst nematode (PCN) Globodera rostochiensis is a plant parasite of potato classified into a group of quarantine organisms causing high economic losses worldwide. Due to the long persistence of the parasite in soil, cysts harbor numerous bacteria whose presence can lead to cyst death and population decline. The cysts of G. rostochiensis found in two potato fields were used as a source of bacteria. The universal procedure was applied to extract DNA from bacteria which was then sequenced with 16S primers. The aims of the study were to identify bacterial microbiota associated with the PCN populations and to infer their phylogenetic relationships based on the maximum likelihood and Bayesian phylogeny of the 16S sequences. In addition, the impact of the most significant climate and edaphic factors on bacterial diversity were evaluated. Regarding the higher taxonomy, our results indicate that the prevalent bacterial classes were Bacilli, Actinobacteria and Alphaproteobacteria. Phylogenetic analyses clustered Brevibacterium frigoritolerans within the family Bacillaceae, confirming its recent reclassification. Long-term climate factors, such as air temperature, insolation hours, humidity and precipitation, as well as the content of soil organic matter, affected the bacterial diversity. The ability of cyst nematodes to persist in soil for a long time qualifies them as a significant natural source to explore the soil bacterial microbiota

Ekstrakti i sekundarni metaboliti biljaka: potencijalni „alat“ u alternativnoj zaštiti biljaka gajenih u zatvorenom prostoru

An excessive use of most of the synthetic pesticides has created different types of environmental and toxicological problems. Since the plants, as a way of self-protect, can produce the biologicaly active metabolites that prevent the reproduction of the pathogens, the possibilities of using plant extracts and phytopreparations in plant protection from pests in indoors production were observed in this paper. In order to realize the above mentioned, it is necessary, among all, to adjust the technology of obtaining the active plant preparations with the conditions of agricultural production and to develop an adequate advertising, so the produced biopesticides could find their application with consumers.Intenzivna primena većine sintetičkih pesticida može prozrokovati brojne probleme su ekološke i toksikološke prirode. Polazeći od činjenice da biljke, kao jedan vid sopstvene zaštite, mogu da sintetizuju biotički aktivne metabolite, koji sprečavaju razmnožavanje patogena, u radu su razmatrane mogućnosti primene ekstrakata i gotovih preparata na bazi bilja u zaštiti biljaka od bolesti i štetočina u zaštićenim prostorima. Da bi se to postiglo, potrebno je, između ostalog, prilagoditi tehnologiju dobijanja aktivnih biljnih preparata uslovima poljoprivredne proizvodnje i razviti adekvatan marketing kako bi proizvedeni biopesticidi našli svoju primenu kod potrošača

Case Study upon Foliar Application of Biofertilizers Affecting Microbial Biomass and Enzyme Activity in Soil and Yield Related Properties of Maize and Wheat Grains

This study evaluated the effects of the application of microbial inoculants (N-fixing Klebsiella planticola and Enterobacter spp.), two rates of composite mineral fertilizers, and their combination on microbial biomass carbon (MBC), dehydrogenase (DHA), and proteinase activity (PTA) in Lessivated Cambisol and yield-related properties of maize and wheat grains in a two-year trial. Unfertilized soil was used as a control variant. MBC was measured using the chloroform fumigation-extraction method, DHA was determined spectrophotometrically by measuring the intensity of the formed red-colored triphenyl formazan, while PTA was determined using a titration method by measuring the degree of gelatine decomposition. In grain samples, P was determined spectrophotometrically, K—by flame emission photometry, N—on an elemental carbon/nitrogen/sulfur (CNS) analyzer, and crude proteins—by calculation of N content. Measuring both crops’ yield was carried out at the end of the vegetation. The results indicated that mineral fertilizers are not, in general, negative for soil microbiota when used in the context of sustainable agriculture without monoculture. There is a significant increase in the values of soil MBC, DHA, and PTA in the variants with combined application of bacterial inoculants and lower rates of mineral fertilizers. The highest values of these parameters were determined in the period with a better distribution of precipitation during the vegetation period of the year. The mentioned combination also resulted in a higher grain yield of maize and wheat comparing to the application of lower rates of the NPK nutrients solely. The combined application of high rates of mineral fertilizers and bacterial inoculants resulted in significantly increased N, P, K, and protein content in the grains of crops, and the same applied to yield. Concluding, studied bacterial inoculants can be used to specify the replacement of nitrogen fertilizers, stimulating the microbial biomass and enzyme activity in the soil, helping to ensure that the supply of nutrients contributing to an optimized yield of crops is maintained

Soybean seed chemical composition as influenced by Bradyrhizobium inoculation in soils with elevated nickel concentrations

Symbiotic nitrogen-fixing bacteria, rhizobia, besides their intrinsic ability to fix atmospheric nitrogen (N), may influence other element concentrations in leguminous plants. Adequate nickel (Ni) supply is of special importance for growth and N status of soybean, due to the role Ni holds as an enzyme component involved in N metabolism. However, high soil Ni availability also represents risks. Therefore, the objective of the study was to evaluate the effects of rhizobium inoculation on yield and the chemical composition (N, C, S, P, K, Ca, Mg, Cu, Fe, Mn, Zn, Ni) of soybean seeds produced on two soils with elevated total Ni concentrations (59 and 106 mg kg(-1) of soil). The genetic characterisation of investigated rhizobial strains and screening for plant growth promoting traits were also performed. The field experiments included 9 treatments where soybean seeds were inoculated with different single rhizobial strains, a treatment with mineral fertilizer application, as well as a non-inoculated control (O). Most of the strains belonged to the genus Bradyrhizobium and produce the plant hormone indole-3-acetic acid. Bradyrhizobium inoculations significantly increased the soybean seed yield (up to 125%) and N%, and decreased Ni (up to 48%), P, Fe, Cu and Zn seed concentrations compared to the control empty set, depending on the strain and location. Soybean seed Ni concentrations were significantly influenced by treatment, location and their interaction and varied from 6.28 to 22.25 mg kg(-1). There were no significant differences in C, S, Ca, Mg concentrations between treatments. Uptake of all nutrients by seeds in inoculated treatments was generally increased or similar, compared to the control empty set. Concentrations and uptake of Ni in inoculated treatments in both locations were significantly decreased compared to mineral fertilization. The study showed that inoculation with Bradyrhizobium strains effective in nitrogen fixation, together with yield increase may reduce the Ni concentrations in soybean seeds in organic cultivation systems of soybean

Enhanced Recovery in Thoracic Surgery: A Review

The main goal of enhanced recovery program after thoracic surgery is to minimize stress response, reduce postoperative pulmonary complications, and improve patient outcome, which will in addition decrease hospital stay and reduce hospital costs. As minimally invasive technique, video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery represents an important element of enhanced recovery program in thoracic surgery. Anesthetic management during preoperative, intraoperative and postoperative period is essential for the enhanced recovery. In the era of enhanced recovery protocols, non-intubated thoracoscopic procedures present a step forward. This article focuses on the key elements of the enhanced recovery program in thoracic surgery. Having reviewed recent literature, the authors highlight potential procedures and techniques that might be incorporated into the program