329 research outputs found
Direct detection of electron backscatter diffraction patterns.
We report the first use of direct detection for recording electron backscatter diffraction patterns. We demonstrate the following advantages of direct detection: the resolution in the patterns is such that higher order features are visible; patterns can be recorded at beam energies below those at which conventional detectors usefully operate; high precision in cross-correlation based pattern shift measurements needed for high resolution electron backscatter diffraction strain mapping can be obtained. We also show that the physics underlying direct detection is sufficiently well understood at low primary electron energies such that simulated patterns can be generated to verify our experimental data
Foreign Intravascular Object Embolization and Migration: Bullets, Catheters, Wires, Stents, Filters, and More
Foreign intravascular object embolization (FIOE) is an important, yet underreported occurrence that has been described in a variety of settings, from penetrating trauma to intravascular procedures. In this chapter, the authors will review the most common types of FIOEs, including bullet or āprojectileā embolism (BPE), followed by intravascular catheter or wire embolization (ICWE), and conclude with intravascular noncatheter object (e.g., coil, gelatin, stent, and venous filter) migration (INCOM). In addition to detailed topic-based summaries, tables highlighting selected references and case scenarios are also presented to provide the reader with a resource for future research in this clinical area
Causes of death in Vanuatu
Background
The population of the Pacific Melanesian country of Vanuatu was 234,000 at the 2009 census. Apart from subsistence activities, economic activity includes tourism and agriculture. Current completeness of vital registration is considered too low to be usable for national statistics; mortality and life expectancy (LE) are derived from indirect demographic estimates from censuses/surveys. Some cause of death (CoD) data are available to provide information on major causes of premature death.
Methods
Deaths 2001ā2007 were coded for cause (ICDv10) for ages 0ā59 years from: hospital separations (HS) (nā=ā636), hospital medical certificates (MC) of death (nā=ā1,169), and monthly reports from community health facilities (CHF) (nā=ā1,212). Ill-defined causes were 3 % for hospital deaths and 20 % from CHF. Proportional mortality was calculated by cause (excluding ill-defined) and age group (0ā4, 5ā14 years), and also by sex for 15ā59 years. From total deaths by broad age group and sex from 1999 and 2009 census analyses, community deaths were estimated by deduction of hospital deaths MC. National proportional mortality by cause was estimated by a weighted average of MC and CHF deaths.
Results
National estimates indicate main causes of deaths <5 years were: perinatal disorders (45 %) and malaria, diarrhea, and pneumonia (27 %). For 15ā59 years, main causes of male deaths were: circulatory disease 27 %, neoplasms 13 %, injury 13 %, liver disease 10 %, infection 10 %, diabetes 7 %, and chronic respiratory disease 7 %; and for females: neoplasms 29 %, circulatory disease 15 %, diabetes 10 %, infection 9 %, and maternal deaths 8 %. Infection included tuberculosis, malaria, and viral hepatitis. Liver disease (including hepatitis and cancer) accounted for 18 % of deaths in adult males and 9 % in females. Non-communicable disease (NCD), including circulatory disease, diabetes, neoplasm, and chronic respiratory disease, accounted for 52 % of premature deaths in adult males and 60 % in females. Injuries accounted for 13 % in adult males and 6 % in females. Maternal deaths translate into an annual maternal mortality ratio of 130/100,000 for the period.
Conclusion
Vanuatu manifests a double burden of disease with significant proportional mortality from perinatal disorders and infection/pneumonia <5 years and maternal mortality, coupled with significant proportional mortality in adults (15ā59 years) from cardiovascular disease (CVD), neoplasms, and diabetes
Group versus Individualised Minimum Velocity Thresholds in the Prediction of Maximal Strength in Trained Female Athletes
This study examined the accuracy of di erent velocity-based methods in the prediction
of bench press and squat one-repetition maximum (1RM) in female athletes. Seventeen trained
females (age 17.8 1.3 years) performed an incremental loading test to 1RM on bench press and squat
with the mean velocity being recorded. The 1RM was estimated from the loadāvelocity relationship
using the multiple- (8 loads) and two-point (2 loads) methods and group and individual minimum
velocity thresholds (MVT). No significant e ect of method, MVT or interaction was observed for the
two exercises (p > 0.05). For bench press and squat, all prediction methods demonstrated very large
to nearly perfect correlations with respect to the actual 1RM (r range = 0.76 to 0.97). The absolute
error (range = 2.1 to 3.8 kg) for bench press demonstrated low errors that were independent of the
method and MVT used. For squat, the favorable group MVT errors for the multiple- and two-point
methods (absolute error = 7.8 and 9.7 kg, respectively) were greater than the individual MVT errors
(absolute error = 4.9 and 6.3 kg, respectively). The 1RM can be accurately predicted from the
loadāvelocity relationship in trained females, with the two-point method o ering a quick and less
fatiguing alternative to the multiple-point method
Prediction of One Repetition Maximum Using Reference Minimum Velocity Threshold Values in Young and Middle-Aged Resistance-Trained Males
From MDPI via Jisc Publications RouterHistory: accepted 2021-04-29, pub-electronic 2021-05-07Publication status: PublishedBackground: This study determined the accuracy of different velocity-based methods when predicting one-repetition maximum (1RM) in young and middle-aged resistance-trained males. Methods: Two days after maximal strength testing, 20 young (age 21.0 Ā± 1.6 years) and 20 middle-aged (age 42.6 Ā± 6.7 years) resistance-trained males completed three repetitions of bench press, back squat, and bent-over-row at loads corresponding to 20ā80% 1RM. Using reference minimum velocity threshold (MVT) values, the 1RM was estimated from the load-velocity relationships through multiple (20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, and 80% 1RM), two-point (20 and 80% 1RM), high-load (60 and 80% 1RM) and low-load (20 and 40% 1RM) methods for each group. Results: Despite most prediction methods demonstrating acceptable correlations (r = 0.55 to 0.96), the absolute errors for young and middle-aged groups were generally moderate to high for bench press (absolute errors = 8.2 to 14.2% and 8.6 to 20.4%, respectively) and bent-over-row (absolute error = 14.9 to 19.9% and 8.6 to 18.2%, respectively). For squats, the absolute errors were lower in the young group (5.7 to 13.4%) than the middle-aged group (13.2 to 17.0%) but still unacceptable. Conclusion: These findings suggest that reference MVTs cannot accurately predict the 1RM in these populations. Therefore, practitioners need to directly assess 1RM
Detection of AdriamycināDNA adducts by accelerator mass spectrometry at clinically relevant Adriamycin concentrations
Limited sensitivity of existing assays has prevented investigation of whether AdriamycināDNA adducts are involved in the anti-tumour potential of Adriamycin. Previous detection has achieved a sensitivity of a few AdriamycināDNA adducts/104 bp DNA, but has required the use of supra-clinical drug concentrations. This work sought to measure AdriamycināDNA adducts at sub-micromolar doses using accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS), a technique with origins in geochemistry for radiocarbon dating. We have used conditions previously validated (by less sensitive decay counting) to extract [14C]AdriamycināDNA adducts from cells and adapted the methodology to AMS detection. Here we show the first direct evidence of AdriamycināDNA adducts at clinically-relevant Adriamycin concentrations. [14C]Adriamycin treatment (25 nM) resulted in 4.4 Ā± 1.0 adducts/107 bp (ā¼1300 adducts/cell) in MCF-7 breast cancer cells, representing the best sensitivity and precision reported to date for the covalent binding of Adriamycin to DNA. The exceedingly sensitive nature of AMS has enabled over three orders of magnitude increased sensitivity of AdriamycināDNA adduct detection and revealed adduct formation within an hour of drug treatment. This method has been shown to be highly reproducible for the measurement of AdriamycināDNA adducts in tumour cells in culture and can now be applied to the detection of these adducts in human tissues
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