Integral optical density of Calprotectin and TLR4 protein expression in jejunal mucosa.

a, b<p>Means with different superscripts in the same row differ (<i>P</i><0.05).</p>1<p>A group means the control group, B group means the chlortetracycline group, C group means the COS group.</p

Composition and nutrient levels of the basal diet (DM basis) %.

1<p>Provided additional vitamins per kilogram diet: VA 11 000 IU, VD₃ 1 100 IU, VE 16 IU, VK 1 mg, pantothenate 6 mg, retinoic acid 2 mg, folic acid 0.8 mg, nicotinic acid 10 mg, thiamine 0.6 mg, VB₁ 0.6 mg, biotin 0.08 mg, VB₁₂ 0.03 mg.</p>2<p>Provided with additional trace elements per kilogram diet: Zn 165 mg, Fe 165 mg, Mn 33 mg, Cu 16.5 mg, I 297 µg, Se 297 µg.</p

Serum IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α levels in weaned piglets.

1<p>A group means the control group, B group means the chlortetracycline group, C group means the COS group.</p

The relative expression of IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α mRNA in jejunal mucosa.

<p>Piglets challenged by enterotoxigenic <i>Escherichia</i> coli were fed either a control diet (A group, n = 6), or control diet plus chlortetracycline (B group, n = 6) or control diet plus chitosan (C group, n = 6) for 21 days and 6 pigs per treatment were killed to excise the jejunum.</p

Sequences (5′–3′) of the primers used for the detection of mRNA specific for IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α and GAPDH.

<p>Notes: F = forward primer; R = reverse primer.</p

Changes in diarrhea index in piglets.

<p>Piglets challenged by enterotoxigenic <i>Escherichia</i> coli were fed either a control diet (A group, n = 10), or control diet plus chlortetracycline (B group, n = 10) or control diet plus chitosan (C group, n = 10) for 21 days. Diarrhea index (%) was calculated as 100× number of piglets that had diarrhea/total number of piglets.</p

Calprotectin and TLR4 protein expression in jejunal mucosa (immunohistochemical staining, ×400).

<p>Piglets challenged by enterotoxigenic <i>Escherichia</i> coli were fed either a control diet (A group, n = 6), or control diet plus chlortetracycline (B group, n = 6) or control diet plus chitosan (C group, n = 6) for 21 days and 6 pigs per treatment were killed to excise the jejunum.</p