On the Performance of Multi-tier Heterogeneous Cellular Networks with Idle Mode Capability

This paper studies the impact of the base station (BS) idle mode capability (IMC) on the network performance of multi-tier and dense heterogeneous cellular networks (HCNs). Different from most existing works that investigated network scenarios with an infinite number of user equipments (UEs), we consider a more practical setup with a finite number of UEs in our analysis. More specifically, we derive the probability of which BS tier a typical UE should associate to and the expression of the activated BS density in each tier. Based on such results, analytical expressions for the coverage probability and the area spectral efficiency (ASE) in each tier are also obtained. The impact of the IMC on the performance of all BS tiers is shown to be significant. In particular, there will be a surplus of BSs when the BS density in each tier exceeds the UE density, and the overall coverage probability as well as the ASE continuously increase when the BS IMC is applied. Such finding is distinctively different from that in existing work. Thus, our result sheds new light on the design and deployment of the future 5G HCNs.Comment: conference submissio

OncoDB.HCC: an integrated oncogenomic database of hepatocellular carcinoma revealed aberrant cancer target genes and loci

The OncoDB.HCC () is based on physical maps of rodent and human genomes containing quantitative trait loci of rodent HCC models and various human HCC somatic aberrations including chromosomal data from loss of heterozygosity and comparative genome hybridization analyses, altered expression of genes from microarray and proteomic studies, and finally experimental data of published HCC genes. Comprehensive integration of HCC genomic aberration data avoids potential pitfalls of data inconsistency from single genomic approach and provides lines of evidence to reveal somatic aberrations from levels of DNA, RNA to protein. Twenty-nine of 30 (96.7%) novel HCC genes with significant altered expressions in compared between tumor and adjacent normal tissues were validated by RT–PCR in 45 pairs of HCC tissues and by matching expression profiles in 57 HCC patients of re-analyzed Stanford HCC microarray data. Comparative mapping of HCC loci in between human aberrant chromosomal regions and QTLs of rodent HCC models revealed 12 syntenic HCC regions with 2 loci effectively narrowed down to 2 Mb. Together, OncoDB.HCC graphically presents comprehensive HCC data integration, reveals important HCC genes and loci for positional cloning and functional studies, and discloses potential molecular targets for improving HCC diagnosis and therapy

(Sr3La2O5)(Zn1-xMnx)2As2: A Bulk Form Diluted Magnetic Semiconductor isostructural to the "32522" Fe-based Superconductors

A new diluted magnetic semiconductor system, (Sr3La2O5)(Zn1-xMnx)2As2, has been synthesized and characterized. 10% Mn substitution for Zn in bulk form (Sr3La2O5)Zn2As2 results in a ferromagnetic ordering below Curie temperature, TC ~ 40 K. (Sr3La2O5)(Zn1-xMnx)2As2 has a layered crystal structure identical to that of 32522-type Fe based superconductors, and represents the fifth DMS family that has a direct counterpart among the FeAs high temperature superconductor families.Comment: Accepted for publication in EP

Outcomes of treatment of sudden deafness using different Protocols: a retrospective analysis of 104 cases

AbstractObjectiveTo compare different treatment protocols for sudden deafness(SD), for the purpose of identifying an appropriate approach to SD.MethodsA total of 104 patients with diagnosis of sudden hearing loss treated from Jan 2006 to December 2008 were included in this study, of which 31 received the typical pharmaceutical treatment(group I), 40 received the typical pharmaceutical treatment plus polarized liquid(Group II) and 33 received the hyperbaric oxygen in addition to the treatment included in Group II (Group III).ResultsThe total improvement rate(67.74%, 62.50% and 75.76% for Groups I, II and III respectively) was not statistically different between the three groups (P>0.05).ConclusionThe three treatment protocols are similar when judged by the treatment outcomes in SD, neither being superior to the others. The two important factors that appear to influence treatment outcomes are the audiogram pattern and duration of hearing loss before seeking treatment. Patients with upsloping or peak–type audiograms and treated within 7 days from the onset have better prognosis than others

Multistage Effort and the Equity Structure of Venture Investment Based on Reciprocity Motivation

For venture capitals, it is a long process from an entry to its exit. In this paper, the activity of venture investment will be divided into multistages. And, according to the effort level entrepreneurs will choose, the venture capitalists will provide an equity structure at the very beginning. As a benchmark for comparison, we will establish two game models on multistage investment under perfect rationality: a cooperative game model and a noncooperative one. Further, as a cause of pervasive psychological preference behavior, reciprocity motivation will influence the behavior of the decision-makers. Given this situation, Rabin’s reciprocity motivation theory will be applied to the multistage game model of the venture investment, and multistage behavior game model will be established as well, based on the reciprocity motivation. By looking into the theoretical derivations and simulation studies, we find that if venture capitalists and entrepreneurs both have reciprocity preferences, their utility would have been Pareto improvement compared with those under perfect rationality

On Dynamic Resource Allocation for Blockchain Assisted Federated Learning over Wireless Channels

Blockchain assisted federated learning (BFL) has been intensively studied as a promising technology to process data at the network edge in a distributed manner. In this paper, we focus on BFL over wireless environments with varying channels and energy harvesting at clients. We are interested in proposing dynamic resource allocation (i.e., transmit power, computation frequency for model training and block mining for each client) and client scheduling (DRACS) to maximize the long-term time average (LTA) training data size with an LTA energy consumption constraint. Specifically, we first define the Lyapunov drift by converting the LTA energy consumption to a queue stability constraint. Then, we construct a Lyapunov drift-plus-penalty ratio function to decouple the original stochastic problem into multiple deterministic optimizations along the time line. Our construction is capable of dealing with uneven durations of communication rounds. To make the one-shot deterministic optimization problem of combinatorial fractional form tractable, we next convert the fractional problem into a subtractive-form one by Dinkelbach method, which leads to the asymptotically optimal solution in an iterative way. In addition, the closed-form of the optimal resource allocation and client scheduling is obtained in each iteration with a low complexity. Furthermore, we conduct the performance analysis for the proposed algorithm, and discover that the LTA training data size and energy consumption obey an [$\mathcal{O}(1/V)$, $\mathcal{O}(\sqrt{V})$] trade-off. Our experimental results show that the proposed algorithm can provide both higher learning accuracy and faster convergence with limited time and energy consumption based on the MNIST and Fashion-MNIST datasets

Analysis of Road Traffic Network Cascade Failures with Coupled Map Lattice Method

In recent years, there is growing literature concerning the cascading failure of network characteristics. The object of this paper is to investigate the cascade failures on road traffic network, considering the aeolotropism of road traffic network topology and road congestion dissipation in traffic flow. An improved coupled map lattice (CML) model is proposed. Furthermore, in order to match the congestion dissipation, a recovery mechanism is put forward in this paper. With a real urban road traffic network in Beijing, the cascading failures are tested using different attack strategies, coupling strengths, external perturbations, and attacked road segment numbers. The impacts of different aspects on road traffic network are evaluated based on the simulation results. The findings confirmed the important roles that these characteristics played in the cascading failure propagation and dissipation on road traffic network. We hope these findings are helpful to find out the optimal road network topology and avoid cascading failure on road network

Exploring the Influence of Attitudes to Walking and Cycling on Commute Mode Choice Using a Hybrid Choice Model

Transport-related problems, such as automobile dependence, traffic congestion, and greenhouse emissions, lead to a great burden on the environment. In developing countries like China, in order to improve the air quality, promoting sustainable travel modes to reduce the automobile usage is gradually recognized as an emerging national concern. Though there are many studies related to the physically active modes (e.g., walking and cycling), the research on the influence of attitudes to active modes on travel behavior is limited, especially in China. To fill up this gap, this paper focuses on examining the impact of attitudes to walking and cycling on commute mode choice. Using the survey data collected in China cities, an integrated discrete choice model and the structural equation model are proposed. By applying the hybrid choice model, not only the role of the latent attitude played in travel mode choice, but also the indirect effects of social factors on travel mode choice are obtained. The comparison indicates that the hybrid choice model outperforms the traditional model. This study is expected to provide a better understanding for urban planners on the influential factors of green travel modes. Document type: Articl