58 research outputs found
"half-electron (e/2)" -- free electron fractional charge induced by twisted light
Recent advances in ultrafast electron emission, microscopy, and diffraction
reveal our capacity to manipulate free electrons with remarkable quantum
coherence using light beams. Here, we present a framework for exploring free
electron fractional charge in ultrafast electron-light interactions. An
explicit Jackiw-Rebbi solution of free electron is constructed by a
spatiotemporally twisted laser field, showcasing a flying topological quantum
number with a fractional charge of e/2 (we call it "half-electron"), which is
dispersion-free due to its topological nature. We also propose an Aharonov-Bohm
interferometry for detecting these half-electrons. The half-electron is a
topologically protected bound state in free-space propagation, expands its
realm beyond quasiparticles with fractional charges in materials, enabling to
advance our understanding of exotic quantum and topological effects of free
electron wavefunction.Comment: 23 pages, 4 figures, supplementary materia
Implementation of a Hybrid Classical-Quantum Annealing Algorithm for Logistic Network Design
The logistic network design is an abstract optimization problem that, under
the assumption of minimal cost, seeks the optimal configuration of the supply
chain's infrastructures and facilities based on customer demand. Key economic
decisions are taken about the location, number, and size of manufacturing
facilities and warehouses based on the optimal solution. Therefore,
improvements in the methods to address this question, which is known to be in
the NP-hard complexity class, would have relevant financial consequences. Here,
we implement in the D-Wave quantum annealer a hybrid classical-quantum
annealing algorithm. The cost function with constraints is translated to a spin
Hamiltonian, whose ground state encodes the searched result. As a benchmark, we
measure the accuracy of results for a set of paradigmatic problems against the
optimal published solutions (the error is on average below ), and the
performance is compared against the classical algorithm, showing a remarkable
reduction in the number of iterations. This work shows that state-of-the-art
quantum annealers may codify and solve relevant supply-chain problems even
still far from useful quantum supremacy.Comment: 9 pages and 2 figure
Active Learning in Physics: From 101, to Progress, and Perspective
Active Learning (AL) is a family of machine learning (ML) algorithms that
predates the current era of artificial intelligence. Unlike traditional
approaches that require labeled samples for training, AL iteratively selects
unlabeled samples to be annotated by an expert. This protocol aims to
prioritize the most informative samples, leading to improved model performance
compared to training with all labeled samples. In recent years, AL has gained
increasing attention, particularly in the field of physics. This paper presents
a comprehensive and accessible introduction to the theory of AL reviewing the
latest advancements across various domains. Additionally, we explore the
potential integration of AL with quantum ML, envisioning a synergistic fusion
of these two fields rather than viewing AL as a mere extension of classical ML
into the quantum realm.Comment: 15 page
Towards Prediction of Financial Crashes with a D-Wave Quantum Computer
Prediction of financial crashes in a complex financial network is known to be
an NP-hard problem, i.e., a problem which cannot be solved efficiently with a
classical computer. We experimentally explore a novel approach to this problem
by using a D-Wave quantum computer to obtain financial equilibrium more
efficiently. To be specific, the equilibrium condition of a nonlinear financial
model is embedded into a higher-order unconstrained binary optimization (HUBO)
problem, which is then transformed to a spin- Hamiltonian with at most
two-qubit interactions. The problem is thus equivalent to finding the ground
state of an interacting spin Hamiltonian, which can be approximated with a
quantum annealer. Our experiment paves the way to study quantitative
macroeconomics, enlarging the number of problems that can be handled by current
quantum computers
Time-Optimal Quantum Driving by Variational Circuit Learning
The simulation of quantum dynamics on a digital quantum computer with
parameterized circuits has widespread applications in fundamental and applied
physics and chemistry. In this context, using the hybrid quantum-classical
algorithm, combining classical optimizers and quantum computers, is a
competitive strategy for solving specific problems. We put forward its use for
optimal quantum control. We simulate the wave-packet expansion of a trapped
quantum particle on a quantum device with a finite number of qubits. We then
use circuit learning based on gradient descent to work out the intrinsic
connection between the control phase transition and the quantum speed limit
imposed by unitary dynamics. We further discuss the robustness of our method
against errors and demonstrate the absence of barren plateaus in the circuit.
The combination of digital quantum simulation and hybrid circuit learning opens
up new prospects for quantum optimal control.Comment: 10 pages, 8 figure
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