Spreading of Antibiotic Resistance with Wastewater

The recent statistics show that the world\u27s population is rapidly increasing. This increase negatively affects the water resources and it increases the water demand progressively. Along with the increase in the world\u27s population, the insensible use of water resources, pollution, and drought lead to the increasing reduction of water resources. Due to these factors, all countries, primarily developed countries, have started looking for new water resources. This search has been extended to extraterrestrial water. However, the existing technology and opportunities direct countries toward the purification of wastewater rather than searching for new water resources. For the reasons outlined above, purification and recycling of wastewater become important. In addition to the natural resistance of microorganisms against antibiotics, a resistance also arises because of the unconscious and overuse of antibiotics. This resistance spreads through wastewater progressively. Antibiotic resistance shows an increase according to the scientific data. In order to prevent the resistance, it is of capital importance to treat the wastewater in which the domestic pollution burden is high. In this study, the role of domestic wastewater in the occurrence and spread of antibiotic resistance will be revealed

Transformation of Digested Genomic DNA of Cryptosporidium parvum with Different Restriction Enzymes to Green Fluorescent Protein Reporter (GFP) Vector

WOS: 000278340800002The focus of this study is to develop methods for transformation of random genomic fragment of Cryptosporidium parvum DNA with GFP vector. We propose to insert upstream and downstream intergenic regions from C. parvum genes into plasmid carriying the green fluorescent protein reporter. For this objective, random genomic fragment of C. parvum DNA was digested NcoI-SpeI; Fat I-XbaI and BspHI-XbaI, and fragments between 750 and 23000 bp were gel purified and cloned into a GFP plasmid vector. Colonies were randomly selected and subjected to automated sequencing by using one or two primers flanking the cloning site. Even though sequence of the C. parvum genome very nearly was completed, genetic transformation is needed to translate genomic sequence the function of unknown genes and identifying regulatory sequences. We described here the preliminary study which form the basis of future for C. parvum gen transformation and to construct gene manipulation techniques

Energy intensities for Canada

The gross domestic product (GDP) measures the value of goods and services produced in a country in one year. There is a close relationship between the GDP and energy supply (and consumption). This relationship is a good indication of the level of economic development of a country. The GDP per capita is often used to measure the living standard of a country. Measures of the total energy use are useful for addressing energy intensity issues. Energy use is a numerator in determinating energy intensities. A commonly used and frequently quoted measure of energy use is the ratio of energy expenditure to GDP. Two types of energy intensities, namely TPES/GDP and TFC/GDP, are useful tools in making comparisons for both energy and GDP projections for countries. In this article we present evaluations and future projections for energy resources and energy intensities for Canada. The total primary energy supply (TPES) and total final energy consumption (TFEC), and energy intensities for supply and consumption are analyzed. The energy data are presented and analyses of the differences in energy and GDP ratios are carried out at an aggregate level by examining differences in factors affecting the energy intensities. In order to provide accurate projections for the future, new correlations were developed between the GDP, TPES, TFEC, TPES/GDP, TFEC/GDP, and population of Canada.

Thermal diffusivities of geometrical objects subjected to cooling

This paper presents a new mathematical model for determining thermal diffusivities of very common solid geometrical objects such as an infinite slab, infinite cylinder, or sphere cooled in a medium. In practice the model will be implemented by using the center temperature measurements of these solid objects, and then the cooling coefficients will be obtained. The cooling coefficient, which is the most important process parameter, has a strong effect on the thermal diffusivity. An illustrative example of the use of the model is presented. In addition, new characteristic equations of the transient heat transfers for these geometrical objects were developed. The results of this study show that the present model can be considered as a simple and efficient tool for determining thermal diffusivities of geometrical objects subjected to cooling.

Optimization of medium components for phytase production from Ochrobactrum anthropi

European Biotechnology Congress -- MAY 16-18, 2013 -- Comenius Univ, Bratislava, SLOVAKIAWOS: 000323298100182…European Biotechnol Themat Network Assoc (EBTNA), Comenius Univ, Fac Nat Sc

Purification and characterization of extracellular phytase from Aspergillus niger

European Biotechnology Congress -- MAY 16-18, 2013 -- Comenius Univ, Bratislava, SLOVAKIAWOS: 000323298100228…European Biotechnol Themat Network Assoc (EBTNA), Comenius Univ, Fac Nat Sc

Proliferation and differentiation effect on human mesenchymal stem cells by using prolactin hormone

European Biotechnology Conference -- MAY 05-07, 2016 -- LATVIAWOS: 000380240300195

Resistances of antibiotics and heavy metals in Enterobacteriaceae spp. isolated from gills and intestines of Achanthobrama marmid (Heckel, 1843) from Sir Dam lake Turkey

WOS: 000262706900005PubMed ID: 20112859A total of 94 bacteria, associated with wild Achanthobrama marmid (Heckel, 1843) in Sir Dam lake of Turkey identified. Subsequently, selected isolates were characterized and identified to the genus level. The 94 members of Enterobactedaceae were isolated in the gills and intestines, and among the isolates, E coli were represented at a rate of 55%, Shigella, spp. at a rate of 21%, Salmonella spp. at a rate of 9%, Citrobacter spp. at a rate of 9%, Klebsiella spp. at a rate of 3% and Proteus spp., at a rate of 3%. A total of 94 bacteria resistant to antibiotics and heavy metals were isolated from total 47 of A. marmid samples and were investigated. Viable counts of antibiotic resistant bacteria isolated from gill and intestinal content samples showed high frequencies of resistance to Penicilline-G (KP) (68%), CZ (54%), FOX (48%), while the proportion of CRO (39%) and CTX (36%) resistance was low In this research, heavy metal contamination in Sir Dam lake water samples and resistance frequency against heavy metals in isolated bacteria from gill and intestinal contents in A. marmid were investigated, Heavy metal contamination such as nickel (Ni), cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu) and chromium (Cr) determined diverse rate (except Mn) in water samples. The resistance frequency of the isolates was revealed different rate for the following heavy metals: Ni, Cd, Cu and Cr Men the concentration of heavy metals increased the resistance against heavy metals in diverse genus of isolates in different rate decreased

Aerobic Biodegradation of 2,4,6-Trinitrotoluene (TNT) by Bacillus cereus A degrees solated from Contaminated Soil

WOS: 000324555400004PubMed ID: 23715804In this study, biological degradation of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) which is very highly toxic environmentally and an explosive in nitroaromatic character was researched in minimal medium by Bacillus cereus isolated from North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) TNT-contaminated soils. In contrast to most previous studies, the capability of this bacteria to transform in liquid medium containing TNT was investigated. During degradation, treatment of TNT was followed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and achievement of degradation was calculated as percentage. At an initial concentration of 50 and 75 mg L-1, TNT was degraded respectively 68 % and 77 % in 96 h. It transformed into 2,4-dinitrotoluene and 4-aminodinitrotoluene derivates, which could be detected as intermediate metabolites by using thin-layer chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analyses. Release of nitrite and nitrate ions were searched by spectrophotometric analyses. Depending upon Meisenheimer complex, while nitrite production was observed, nitrate was detected in none of the cultures. Results of our study propose which environmental pollutant can be removed by using microorganisms that are indigenous to the contaminated site.Cukurova University, Institute of Science, Scientific Research Project UnitCukurova UniversityThis study was funded by Cukurova University, Institute of Science, Scientific Research Project Unit. We thank Mechanical and Chemical Industry Corporation, Rocket & Explosive Factor for help on obtaining TNT