Study Habits of Higher Secondary School Students of Working and Non-working Mothers

The present study aims at to find out whether the study habits of higher secondary school students of working mothers (WM) differ significantly from those of non-working mothers (NWM). The study further compared the study habits of higher secondary school students of working and non-working mothers on the basis of gender. The sample of the study consisted of 100 secondary school students (25 male students of working mothers, 25 female students of working mothers, 25 male students of non-working mothers & 25 female students of non-working mothers)of the age group 16 to 18 years  belonging to different localities selected randomly from different educational institutions of district Pulwama, Jammu & Kashmir. Study Habit Inventory constructed by Mukhopadhyaya, M & Sansanwal, D.N was administered to the selected sample to assess their study habits and Self constructed General Information Questionnaire was used to elicit information regarding the subjects age, sex, family type, single parent or both parent, mother whether working or non-working, kind of work, number of working hours, educated/uneducated etc. The data so collected was analyzed statistically by employing mean, SD and t-test. The study revealed there were insignificant differences between the adolescent students of WM and NWM on the measure of comprehension, study sets, interaction, drilling, recording and language dimensions of study habits but significant differences were found between the students of working and non-working mothers on the measures of concentration, task orientation and supports. Regarding the total study habits the higher secondary school students of working mothers had significantly better study habits than those having non-working mothers. Further the study revealed that female students of WM had significantly better study habits fallowed by male students of WM, female students of NWM and male students of NWM. Key Words: Study Habits, Working and Non-working mothers, Higher Secondary School Student

AN OVERVIEW ON BILAYERED TABLET TECHNOLOGY

Bilayer tablet is new novel of tablet for the successful development of controlled release formulation along with many  features to provide a way of successful drugdelivery system. Bi-layer tablet is suitable for sequential release of two drugs incombination, separate two incompatible substances and also for sustained release tablet in which one Layer is immediaterelease as initial dose and second layer is maintenance dose. So use ofbi-layer tablets is a very differentaspectfor anti-hypertensive, diabetic, anti-inflammatory and analgesic drugs where combination therapy is often used.  Bi-layer tablets have been developed to achieve modified release of drug. Bilayer tabletis improved beneficial technology to overcome the shortcoming of the single layered tablet. In the case of bilayered tablets drug release can be rendered almost unidirectional if the drug can be incorporated in the upper non adhesive layer its delivery occurs into the whole oral cavity.To reduce capital investment, quite often existing but modified tablet presses are used to develop and produce such tablets. The present article explains why the production and development of quality bi-layer tablets needs to be carried out on purpose-built tablet presses to overcome common bi-layer problems, such as hardness, insufficient, layer-separation, inaccurate individual layer weight control, reduced yield, cross-contamination between the layers, etc. Using a modified tablet press may therefore not be your best approach to producing a quality bi-layer tablet under GMP-conditions. Keywords:Approaches, Bilayer tablets, OROS push pull technology, DUROS technology,immediate release, GMP requirements for bilayer tablet

Impact of Bit Coin on Trade and Commerce: (A Comparative Study of North Kashmir & Central Kashmir)

Bitcoin is a virtual currency and has been accepted as a mode of payment by many countries now-a-days.the main threat for Bitcoin are its vulnerability in the mining process as well as lack of security during the storage of coins on the online pools. To provide security against the attack, the framework of Bitcoin protocol need to be changed and the same will be accepted by all the users because Bitcoin is a decentralized crypto currency. The current study tries to determine the impact of Bitcoin on Trade and Commerce in the study area. After the analysis of data it was found that the two regions (viz Central Kashmir and North Kashmir) of the study area do not differ significantly with respect to socio-economic variables, general awareness about the bitcoin and impact of bitcoin of trade and commerce. Keywords: Bitcoin, Volatility, Blockchain, Cryptocurrency, Mining

Study on the growth and survival of Channa striatus (Bloch) postlarvae using live feed

Feeding experiments were conducted on the postlarvae of Channa striatus with two different live feeds - a copepod (Thermocyclops decipiens) and cladocerans (Moina micrura and Ceriodaphnia comuta) individually and in mixture. Food was provided at the rate of (500±50 Ind/L) and the experiments were carried out in 100 litre capacity tanks for 30 days. Results indicated better weight gain (951.85±28.77%) and survival (92.00<%) of postlarvae fed with mixed live food than individual live feed organisms

Inclusive Education in India: Issues, Challenges and Prospects

Inclusive education is a process of strengthening the capacity of the education system to reach out all learners. It involves restructuring the culture, policies and practices in schools so that they can respond to the diversity of students in concerned region. It is one of the most effective ways by which we can promote an inclusive and tolerant society. Inclusive education is a strategy of making education universalized irrespective of any disability within the learner and to maintain equity in the society. It accentuates that children with special needs can be included in holistic platform without any kind of isolation. Avoiding the option of segregation and making them confined within the boundaries of special schools, experts of inclusive education are advocating an inclusion of children with special needs in to the common schools. We only then can claim the provision of equal opportunity particularly in education.  However, for achieving success in inclusive education in India we are facing several obstacles and challenges. Many problems such as, lack of positive attitude among teachers, non-inclusive curriculum, lack of resources, infrastructural problems, unawareness among parents, irregular plans, improper execution of policies are creating hurdles for extending the concept of inclusive education in India. In paper an attempt has been made to put focus on issues, challenges, and prospects regarding inclusive education. Keywords: Inclusion, Education, Inclusive Education, Issues, perspective

Self-reported adherence to pharmacotherapy in cancer patients

Background: Medication adherence is a challenging issue. Non-adherence has been found to be associated with increased healthcare costs. Pharmacological anticancer therapies are increasingly shifting to oral medications. Oral therapy is more convenient and easier to administer but various issues are related to oral anticancer therapy, the prominent one being adherence.Methods: Single group, non-randomized, self-report study conducted from December, 2019 to February, 2020 in SKIMS Hospital, Kashmir. A novel medication adherence scale, General Medication Adherence Scale (GMAS) was used to assess the adherence.Results: The study population consists of 58.7% males and 41.3% females. 54.7% patients were illiterate and 45.3% patients were literate. 13.3% patients received one drug, 14.7% two drugs, 40.0% three drugs, and 32.0% received more than three drugs. 13.3% patients had poor, 9.3% low, 42.7% partial, 12.0% good and 22.7% high adherence. In low income group, 6.7% patients had poor, 6.7% low, 13.3% partial, 26.7% good and 46.7% high adherence. Among middle income group, 10.0% patients had poor, 10.0% low, 53.3% partial, 10.0% good and 16.7% high adherence. In high income group, 20.0% patients had poor, 10.0% low, 46.7% partial, 6.7% good and 16.7% high adherence.Conclusions: Most of the cancer patients were partially adherent to the prescribed medication. Various associated factors were gender, socio-economic status, literacy, and place of residence. Considerable variation in adherence was found in this study

Assessment of medication adherence among patients with chronic diseases: a descriptive cross-sectional study

Background: Adherence is a key factor associated with effectiveness of all pharmacological therapies. Medication non-adherence is a significant barrier to achieve positive health outcomes especially for patients suffering from chronic diseases. Improving medication adherence is a public health priority and could reduce economic and health burdens. The aim of the present study was to assess medication adherence to some common chronic ailments.Methods: Pre-validated questionnaires were distributed among 300 patients suffering from chronic illnesses, by simple randomization out of which 240 patients returned completely filled questionnaires. The analysis was done by manual calculators, VassarStats, and SPSS V20. Results were calculated using univariate linear regression, with each patient’s adherence score as the dependent variable and each predictor as the independent variable. Results are expressed in frequencies and percentages.Results: In this study, 46.66% patients were males and 53.33% females. The mean age was 56.69 years ranging from 24 to 90 years.65.00% patients were uneducated.40.00% were taking one drug, 53.33% two to four drugs and 6.66% more than four drugs. 63.33% had low medication adherence, 35.00% medium and only 1.66% had high adherence. Compared to 14.28% men, 43.75% women were moderately adherent to medications. 41.02% uneducated patients had medium adherence as compared to 14.28% educated patients. 92.30% young patients had low adherence as compared to 53.25% in adults. 44.79% of patients receiving a single drug had medium adherence as compared to 25.00% in those receiving multiple drugs. Linear regression analysis demonstrated that the level of medication adherence was associated with patient gender, age, educational level, and number of prescribed drugs.Conclusions: There are many challenges in understanding the reasons for non-adherence. In this study medication adherence in chronic diseases was found suboptimal and associated with patient`s socio-demographic characteristics. Patient-tailored interventions are required to achieve sufficient adherence to therapeutic drug regimens

Attitude of Undergraduate Students in Rural Colleges of Kashmir Valley towards Experiential Learning

Experiential learning, which is the process of learning through direct experience and reflection, is a core component of contemporary education system. The present study attempted to explore the attitude of undergraduate students in rural degree colleges of Kashmir valley in the state of Jammu & Kashmir, towards experiential learning. Altogether, 150 undergraduate students pursuing bachelor’s programme in various rural government degree colleges, were identified for the study through randomization. The 25 item- questionnaire was administered to measure the attitude towards experiential learning. Various statistical techniques and graphical representations such as mean, standard deviation, percentage, 2x2 factorial design were employed. The study established that attitude towards experiential learning differs significantly with respect to gender and academic stream among the undergraduate students

Comparative study to evaluate the prevalence of deranged lipid profile and oral glucose tolerance test in polycystic ovarian syndrome patients with normal females: a prospective observational study

Background: PCOS is a complex endocrine disorder characterized by menstrual dysfunction, anovulation, infertility and hyper androgenic symptoms with dyslipidaemia, cardiovascular diseases, and impaired glucose tolerance and type II diabetes mellitus. Multiple risk factors are involved in the pathogenesis of PCOS.Methods: A comparative evaluation of deranged lipid profile and OGTT in PCOS patients with normal females was done in patients with age group of 15 to 30 years. The Rotterdam criteria for PCOS was used for selection of the participants prospectively and a detailed history regarding period of amenorrhea, menstrual cycles, obstetric history, any past history of medical disorder were taken followed by general physical, systemic and obstetric examination. All the patients underwent Ultrasound examination, OGTT and lipid profile, prolactin, 17-OH progesterone and testosterone level.Results: A significant association of PCOS with deranged lipid profile and blood glucose tolerance and obesity was observed. Patients with PCOS had higher prevalence of oligomenorrhoea, infertility, hirsutism and acne. Furthermore, a statistically significant trend was seen where signs and symptoms like infertility, hirsutism and acne, deranged OGTT and dyslipidaemia were more frequently associated with increased BMI, sedentary life style intake of high calorie diets.Conclusions: An association between obesity, sedentary lifestyle, and dietary factors with PCOS was observed which can be modified to improve the health condition of the women with PCOS

Attitude of Undergraduate Students in Rural Colleges of Kashmir Valley towards Experiential Learning

Experiential learning, which is the process of learning through direct experience and reflection, is a core component of contemporary education system. The present study attempted to explore the attitude of undergraduate students in rural degree colleges of Kashmir valley in the state of Jammu & Kashmir, towards experiential learning. Altogether, 150 undergraduate students pursuing bachelor’s programme in various rural government degree colleges, were identified for the study through randomization. The 25 item- questionnaire was administered to measure the attitude towards experiential learning. Various statistical techniques and graphical representations such as mean, standard deviation, percentage, 2x2 factorial design were employed. The study established that attitude towards experiential learning differs significantly with respect to gender and academic stream among the undergraduate students