50 research outputs found
Peasants in the Structure of the League of Communists in Serbia
Analliza partijske statistiÄke graÄe pokazuje da kontinuirano opada broj osnovnih organizacija SK SR
fakultet za fiziÄku kulturu Srbije u seoskim podruÄjiima, da u nj,ima djeluje
univerziteta u novom sadu, svega 17% od ukupnog Älanstva SKS, te da je u
novi sad, Jugoslavija socijalnoj strukturi Älanstva sve manje uÄeÅ”Äe poljoprivrednika.
U odnosu na ostale socijalne kategorije
seljaci su slabije idejno-politiÄki obrazovani
; to je jedan od razloga koji otežava da se oni
sami politiÄki opredele i ukljuÄe u politiÄki život
sela.
Autor smatra da uspeh agrarne politike SK zavisi
od toga kako Äe je prihvatiti seljaÄke mase, kakve
su realne moguÄnosti za njeno ostvarenje i kako
Äe je prenositi Älanovi SK. Jer upravo Älanovi SK,
organizirani u seoske osnovne organizacije, treba
da osnovna naÄela ii usmjerenja agrarne politike
pretoÄe u neposrednu stvarnost, i to preko onih
oblika rada i orgartizovanosti koji najviŔe odgovaraju
konkretnoj slituacijii u pojedinom selu i regionu.
PostojeÄa nedovoljna organizovanost politiÄkog
života na selu nameÄe potrebu da se pronaÄu efikasniji
metodi ii oblici politiÄkog delovanja u osnoprimijeno
lipnja 1979. vnim organizacijama SK seoskih podruÄja.The author analyzes the work
of the League of Communists in
the village through the
participation of peasants in basic
LCY organizations in the village
and in the social structure of the
LCY membership, and also
through the cadre policy of
acceptance and expulsion of
peasant members of the LC of
Serbia.
An analysis of Party statistics
shows that the number of basic
organizations in Serbian
villages is continuously decilining,
that they comprise only 17% of
the total LC membership, and that
there are less and less peasants
in the social structure of the
membership. In comparison with
other social categories, peasants
are not as well ideologically and
politically educated. That is one of
the reasons that makes it more
difficult for them to take up a
political attitude and become
more active in the political life of
the village.
The author considers that the
success of the LCās agrarian
policy depends on its acceptance
by the peasantry, on actually
conditions for its realization and
on how members of the LC
explain the political idea
underlying it. It is LC members
organized into basic organizations
in the village who are to translate
the basic principles and ideas of
the agrarian policy into everyday
reality, through those forms of
work and organization that
correspond best to the existing
situation in a certain village or
region. Todayās inadequate
organization of political life in the village makes it necessary to find
more efficient methods and forms
of political activity in basic LC
organizations in villages
Peasants in the Structure of the League of Communists in Serbia
Analliza partijske statistiÄke graÄe pokazuje da kontinuirano opada broj osnovnih organizacija SK SR
fakultet za fiziÄku kulturu Srbije u seoskim podruÄjiima, da u nj,ima djeluje
univerziteta u novom sadu, svega 17% od ukupnog Älanstva SKS, te da je u
novi sad, Jugoslavija socijalnoj strukturi Älanstva sve manje uÄeÅ”Äe poljoprivrednika.
U odnosu na ostale socijalne kategorije
seljaci su slabije idejno-politiÄki obrazovani
; to je jedan od razloga koji otežava da se oni
sami politiÄki opredele i ukljuÄe u politiÄki život
sela.
Autor smatra da uspeh agrarne politike SK zavisi
od toga kako Äe je prihvatiti seljaÄke mase, kakve
su realne moguÄnosti za njeno ostvarenje i kako
Äe je prenositi Älanovi SK. Jer upravo Älanovi SK,
organizirani u seoske osnovne organizacije, treba
da osnovna naÄela ii usmjerenja agrarne politike
pretoÄe u neposrednu stvarnost, i to preko onih
oblika rada i orgartizovanosti koji najviŔe odgovaraju
konkretnoj slituacijii u pojedinom selu i regionu.
PostojeÄa nedovoljna organizovanost politiÄkog
života na selu nameÄe potrebu da se pronaÄu efikasniji
metodi ii oblici politiÄkog delovanja u osnoprimijeno
lipnja 1979. vnim organizacijama SK seoskih podruÄja.The author analyzes the work
of the League of Communists in
the village through the
participation of peasants in basic
LCY organizations in the village
and in the social structure of the
LCY membership, and also
through the cadre policy of
acceptance and expulsion of
peasant members of the LC of
Serbia.
An analysis of Party statistics
shows that the number of basic
organizations in Serbian
villages is continuously decilining,
that they comprise only 17% of
the total LC membership, and that
there are less and less peasants
in the social structure of the
membership. In comparison with
other social categories, peasants
are not as well ideologically and
politically educated. That is one of
the reasons that makes it more
difficult for them to take up a
political attitude and become
more active in the political life of
the village.
The author considers that the
success of the LCās agrarian
policy depends on its acceptance
by the peasantry, on actually
conditions for its realization and
on how members of the LC
explain the political idea
underlying it. It is LC members
organized into basic organizations
in the village who are to translate
the basic principles and ideas of
the agrarian policy into everyday
reality, through those forms of
work and organization that
correspond best to the existing
situation in a certain village or
region. Todayās inadequate
organization of political life in the village makes it necessary to find
more efficient methods and forms
of political activity in basic LC
organizations in villages
MUTUAL RELATIONSHIPS AND INFLUENCES OF AUTOCHTONS AND COLONISTS AFTER THE SECOND WORLD
This paper the author starts with presenting some of the factors and reasons
for the colonization to the regions of Autonomous Province of Vojvodina. For centures
Vojvodina has been an attractive immigration area. Nowdavs in Vojvodina
live over 31% of population born in other regions of Yugoslavia. After the la^t
world war a large number of German inhabitants deserted their estates and homes
in Vojvodina having left the land without proprietors. On the other hand in mountainous
and backward areas of the country there w\u27ere many former partizan
fighters, invalids and u\u27ar widows mostly landless and homeless. Their colonization
to Vojvodina was the sole and the right solution of their imperilled existence.
In the second part, the author presents his methodological approach to the
undertaken investigation. He used the method of direct observation and survey
sample comprising 222 households with 1,050 members in one of many typical
colonist communities in Vojvodina. He divided the population into three groups
1) autochtons are those inhabitants w\u27ho settled in before the last w\u27orld war, 2)
internal colonist are those who moved in and settled there after the II world war
but from the vicinity of the observed colonist community and 3) external colonists
who were colonized under the program of colonization of the new established
socialistic state from other regions of Yugoslavia after the II world w?ar. The
author analysed the mutual relations and attitudes of noted groups according to
marriage, changes in occupation, transformation of family, friendly relations,
attitudes of groups to each other before and after the colonization and in that
connection notes the different social characteristics of groups as an explanation
of the results and conclusions of his analysis. The author drew very interesting
conclusions from the questionnaire designed to find out what are the attitudes
of colonists towards their former native communities. The general conclusion ol
the author says that the group of external colonists, in comparison wnth the other
two groups, is more mobile horizontally and vertically and that the process ol
adaptations of both groups of colonists developed considerably slower than it was
expected
Trends in the Number of Peasant-Communists in Vojvodina since the War (1945-1968)
The League of Communists must be the directing force of social development
in rural areas. It must adjust the interests of different strata of the rural
population. Thus changes in the structure of the rural population tend to be
reflected in the changes of the social structure of the League of Communists.
It is from this particular aspect that the author analyses changes in the
social structure of the League of Communists in Vojvodina, especially as regards
peasant-communists, on the basis of the following indicators:
(a) peasant-communists in the total membership of the League of Communists;
(b) peasants admitted to the membership of the League of Communists;
(c) peasants eliminated from the League of Communists;
(d) peasant-communists who have left the League of Commuriists of their
own free will.
The author points to the following tendencies:
1. major changes in the social structure of the rural community are reflected
in the changes of the social structure of the League of Communists in rural communities;
2. an inadequate representation of peasants in the organizations of the League
of Communists tends to affect the implementation of agrarian policies and to lead
to the separation of rural party organizations from the peasants and their living
problems;
3. as a result, the content of discussions and the resolutions and policies
adopted in those rural organizations of the League of Communists in which the
peasants are represented only symbolically, tend to shift from the problems of
agriculture and of the social transformation of the rural community to the problems
of other social strata of the rural population which ā as indicated by the
results of the investigation ā predominate in the structure of the rural organizations
of the League of Communists in Vojvodina
The Social Position of the Farm Woman
Over 90% of all the economically
active women living in the village
are active agricultural workers that
work on privately owned farms.
During the better part of the
working day the woman does her
work in the field of consumption
and in the field of production.
That is physically exhausting, and
is reflected on her role as mother.
Undeveloped tertiary activities in
rural areas, and the non-existence
of work organizations designed to
help the household and the working
farm woman, make it more
difficult for her to carry out her
household tasks and responsibilities.
Direct social action in intimate and
family matters would not be
realistic and would not contribute
to a fundamental improvement in
the farm woman\u27s position as a
wife. However, organized action to
eliminate dated customs and raise
the consciousness of the village
population concerning the equality
of women would speed up the
process of transformation of
martial and family relations.
Special progress would be achieved
by raising the general level of
eduction of the village woman. The
mass media and processes of
socialist transformation and
deagrarization of the village also
have a meaning in the struggle to
realize equality between the man
and the woman in the village.
The farm woman is the most
numerous part of the village
population, and it would be
impossible to carry out the socialist
transformation of the village
without her. However, she is not
prepared for that social role.
Society must bear in mind that as
the village becomes less agrarian, the farm woman will increasingly
become an actor in agricultural
production on the privately owned
farm. It is thus necessary to
undertake all the measures
necessary to prepare her for
modern, mechanized, intense food
production
Participation of Peasant-Communists in the Activities of Political Organizations and Institutions in Rural Areas
The article deals with an investigation which was carried out in two villages
near Belgrade in order to establish the objective position and role of peasants in
the political life of rural communities, and the prospects for the activity of peasants
members of the League of Comunists, in comparison with members of the League
of Communists from other social strata.
The investigation has shown the following:
(a) that the centres of political decisions-making are moving away from
rural areas;
(b) that the possibilities for peasants members of the League of Communists,
to exert their influence through self-managing organs have been objectively
narrowed;
(c) that peasants in general, and thus also those who are members of the
League of Communists, are inadequately represented in political institutions and
organizations in commune and villages, especially as regards key posts;
(d) that therefore peasants, members of the League of Communists, have no
proper possibility for implementing the policies and views -of their basic organiza
The Social Position of the Farm Woman
Over 90% of all the economically
active women living in the village
are active agricultural workers that
work on privately owned farms.
During the better part of the
working day the woman does her
work in the field of consumption
and in the field of production.
That is physically exhausting, and
is reflected on her role as mother.
Undeveloped tertiary activities in
rural areas, and the non-existence
of work organizations designed to
help the household and the working
farm woman, make it more
difficult for her to carry out her
household tasks and responsibilities.
Direct social action in intimate and
family matters would not be
realistic and would not contribute
to a fundamental improvement in
the farm woman\u27s position as a
wife. However, organized action to
eliminate dated customs and raise
the consciousness of the village
population concerning the equality
of women would speed up the
process of transformation of
martial and family relations.
Special progress would be achieved
by raising the general level of
eduction of the village woman. The
mass media and processes of
socialist transformation and
deagrarization of the village also
have a meaning in the struggle to
realize equality between the man
and the woman in the village.
The farm woman is the most
numerous part of the village
population, and it would be
impossible to carry out the socialist
transformation of the village
without her. However, she is not
prepared for that social role.
Society must bear in mind that as
the village becomes less agrarian, the farm woman will increasingly
become an actor in agricultural
production on the privately owned
farm. It is thus necessary to
undertake all the measures
necessary to prepare her for
modern, mechanized, intense food
production
Participation of Peasant-Communists in the Activities of Political Organizations and Institutions in Rural Areas
The article deals with an investigation which was carried out in two villages
near Belgrade in order to establish the objective position and role of peasants in
the political life of rural communities, and the prospects for the activity of peasants
members of the League of Comunists, in comparison with members of the League
of Communists from other social strata.
The investigation has shown the following:
(a) that the centres of political decisions-making are moving away from
rural areas;
(b) that the possibilities for peasants members of the League of Communists,
to exert their influence through self-managing organs have been objectively
narrowed;
(c) that peasants in general, and thus also those who are members of the
League of Communists, are inadequately represented in political institutions and
organizations in commune and villages, especially as regards key posts;
(d) that therefore peasants, members of the League of Communists, have no
proper possibility for implementing the policies and views -of their basic organiza
GenetiÄki polimorfizmi paraoksonaze 1 i podložnost aterogenezi
Introduction. Paraoxonase 1 (PON1) is a multifunctional enzyme associated with high-density lipoprotein particles (HDL). It is a cellular antioxidant that hydrolyses oxidized macromolecules, especially low-density lipoproteins (ox-LDL). Because increased oxidative stress is believed to play a crucial role in the initiation and propagation of atherosclerosis, coding (Q192R and L55M) and promoter (C(-107)T) region polymorphisms of pon1 gene, that are responsible for catalytic efficiency, activity and the level of the enzyme, have been of great interest as a potential markers of susceptibility for atherogenesis. Objective. The aim of the study was to assess possible association between these pon1 gene variants and clinical manifestations of the atherosclerosis and oxidative stress. Methods. A total of 60 angiographically documented patients with manifested atherosclerotic disease and 100 control individuals were analyzed. Genomic DNA was isolated from the peripheral blood cells and genotyping was performed using polymerase chain reaction followed by the restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) analysis. Results No significant difference in allele and genotype frequencies of all three examined polymorphisms was found between the atherosclerotic patients and healthy controls. The obtained results could not support an association of pon1 gene variants with the oxidative stress and atherogenesis. Conclusion. These polymorphisms cannot be considered risk factors of atherosclerosis in Serbian population. A larger study is required in order to establish possible contribution of pon1 variants to atherosclerosis-related cardiovascular diseases.Uvod. Paraoksonaza 1 (PON1) je multifunkcionalni enzim koji je vezan za lipoproteine visoke gustine (HDL). To je Äelijski antioksidans koji hidrolizuje oksidovane makromolekule, naroÄito oksidovane lipoproteine niske gustine (ox-LDL). Smatra se da poviÅ”eni oksidativni stres igra kljuÄnu ulogu u inicijaciji i propagaciji ateroskleroze, pa su polimorfizmi u kodirajuÄem (Q192R i L55M) i promotorskom (C(-107)T) regionu gena pon1, koji su odgovorni za katalitiÄku efikasnost, aktivnost i nivo enzima, od velikog interesa kao potencijalni markeri osetljivosti na aterogenezu. Cilj rada. Cilj ove studije je bio da se ispita moguÄa povezanost varijanti gena pon1 i kliniÄkih manifestacija ateroskleroze i oksidativnog stresa. Metode rada. Analizirano je 60 bolesnika s angiografski dokumentovanim manifestacijama ateroskleroze i 100 zdravih ispitanika. Genomska DNK je izolovana iz Äelija periferne krvi, a genotipizacija je uraÄena primenom reakcije lanÄane polimeraze, posle koje je uraÄena analiza dužine restrikcionih fragmenata (tzv. PCR-RFLP analiza). Rezultati. UÄestalosti alela i genotipova tri ispitivana polimorfizma nisu pokazale znaÄajne razlike izmeÄu ispitanika obolelih od ateroskleroze i zdravih osoba. Dobijeni rezultati ne ukazuju na povezanost analiziranih varijanti gena pon1 i oksidativnog stresa i aterogeneze. ZakljuÄak. Ovi polimorfizmi se ne mogu smatrati faktorima rizika za razvoj ateroskleroze u srpskoj populaciji. Potrebna je studija sa veÄim brojem ispitanika, kako bi se utvrdio moguÄi doprinos varijanti gena pon1 na nastanak kardiovaskularnih oboljenja u Äijoj osnovi je ateroskleroza