Peasants in the Structure of the League of Communists in Serbia

Analliza partijske statističke građe pokazuje da kontinuirano opada broj osnovnih organizacija SK SR fakultet za fizičku kulturu Srbije u seoskim područjiima, da u nj,ima djeluje univerziteta u novom sadu, svega 17% od ukupnog članstva SKS, te da je u novi sad, Jugoslavija socijalnoj strukturi članstva sve manje učešće poljoprivrednika. U odnosu na ostale socijalne kategorije seljaci su slabije idejno-politički obrazovani ; to je jedan od razloga koji otežava da se oni sami politički opredele i uključe u politički život sela. Autor smatra da uspeh agrarne politike SK zavisi od toga kako će je prihvatiti seljačke mase, kakve su realne mogućnosti za njeno ostvarenje i kako će je prenositi članovi SK. Jer upravo članovi SK, organizirani u seoske osnovne organizacije, treba da osnovna načela ii usmjerenja agrarne politike pretoče u neposrednu stvarnost, i to preko onih oblika rada i orgartizovanosti koji najviše odgovaraju konkretnoj slituacijii u pojedinom selu i regionu. Postojeća nedovoljna organizovanost političkog života na selu nameće potrebu da se pronađu efikasniji metodi ii oblici političkog delovanja u osnoprimijeno lipnja 1979. vnim organizacijama SK seoskih područja.The author analyzes the work of the League of Communists in the village through the participation of peasants in basic LCY organizations in the village and in the social structure of the LCY membership, and also through the cadre policy of acceptance and expulsion of peasant members of the LC of Serbia. An analysis of Party statistics shows that the number of basic organizations in Serbian villages is continuously decilining, that they comprise only 17% of the total LC membership, and that there are less and less peasants in the social structure of the membership. In comparison with other social categories, peasants are not as well ideologically and politically educated. That is one of the reasons that makes it more difficult for them to take up a political attitude and become more active in the political life of the village. The author considers that the success of the LC’s agrarian policy depends on its acceptance by the peasantry, on actually conditions for its realization and on how members of the LC explain the political idea underlying it. It is LC members organized into basic organizations in the village who are to translate the basic principles and ideas of the agrarian policy into everyday reality, through those forms of work and organization that correspond best to the existing situation in a certain village or region. Today’s inadequate organization of political life in the village makes it necessary to find more efficient methods and forms of political activity in basic LC organizations in villages

Peasants in the Structure of the League of Communists in Serbia

Analliza partijske statističke građe pokazuje da kontinuirano opada broj osnovnih organizacija SK SR fakultet za fizičku kulturu Srbije u seoskim područjiima, da u nj,ima djeluje univerziteta u novom sadu, svega 17% od ukupnog članstva SKS, te da je u novi sad, Jugoslavija socijalnoj strukturi članstva sve manje učešće poljoprivrednika. U odnosu na ostale socijalne kategorije seljaci su slabije idejno-politički obrazovani ; to je jedan od razloga koji otežava da se oni sami politički opredele i uključe u politički život sela. Autor smatra da uspeh agrarne politike SK zavisi od toga kako će je prihvatiti seljačke mase, kakve su realne mogućnosti za njeno ostvarenje i kako će je prenositi članovi SK. Jer upravo članovi SK, organizirani u seoske osnovne organizacije, treba da osnovna načela ii usmjerenja agrarne politike pretoče u neposrednu stvarnost, i to preko onih oblika rada i orgartizovanosti koji najviše odgovaraju konkretnoj slituacijii u pojedinom selu i regionu. Postojeća nedovoljna organizovanost političkog života na selu nameće potrebu da se pronađu efikasniji metodi ii oblici političkog delovanja u osnoprimijeno lipnja 1979. vnim organizacijama SK seoskih područja.The author analyzes the work of the League of Communists in the village through the participation of peasants in basic LCY organizations in the village and in the social structure of the LCY membership, and also through the cadre policy of acceptance and expulsion of peasant members of the LC of Serbia. An analysis of Party statistics shows that the number of basic organizations in Serbian villages is continuously decilining, that they comprise only 17% of the total LC membership, and that there are less and less peasants in the social structure of the membership. In comparison with other social categories, peasants are not as well ideologically and politically educated. That is one of the reasons that makes it more difficult for them to take up a political attitude and become more active in the political life of the village. The author considers that the success of the LC’s agrarian policy depends on its acceptance by the peasantry, on actually conditions for its realization and on how members of the LC explain the political idea underlying it. It is LC members organized into basic organizations in the village who are to translate the basic principles and ideas of the agrarian policy into everyday reality, through those forms of work and organization that correspond best to the existing situation in a certain village or region. Today’s inadequate organization of political life in the village makes it necessary to find more efficient methods and forms of political activity in basic LC organizations in villages

MUTUAL RELATIONSHIPS AND INFLUENCES OF AUTOCHTONS AND COLONISTS AFTER THE SECOND WORLD

This paper the author starts with presenting some of the factors and reasons for the colonization to the regions of Autonomous Province of Vojvodina. For centures Vojvodina has been an attractive immigration area. Nowdavs in Vojvodina live over 31% of population born in other regions of Yugoslavia. After the la^t world war a large number of German inhabitants deserted their estates and homes in Vojvodina having left the land without proprietors. On the other hand in mountainous and backward areas of the country there w\u27ere many former partizan fighters, invalids and u\u27ar widows mostly landless and homeless. Their colonization to Vojvodina was the sole and the right solution of their imperilled existence. In the second part, the author presents his methodological approach to the undertaken investigation. He used the method of direct observation and survey sample comprising 222 households with 1,050 members in one of many typical colonist communities in Vojvodina. He divided the population into three groups 1) autochtons are those inhabitants w\u27ho settled in before the last w\u27orld war, 2) internal colonist are those who moved in and settled there after the II world war but from the vicinity of the observed colonist community and 3) external colonists who were colonized under the program of colonization of the new established socialistic state from other regions of Yugoslavia after the II world w?ar. The author analysed the mutual relations and attitudes of noted groups according to marriage, changes in occupation, transformation of family, friendly relations, attitudes of groups to each other before and after the colonization and in that connection notes the different social characteristics of groups as an explanation of the results and conclusions of his analysis. The author drew very interesting conclusions from the questionnaire designed to find out what are the attitudes of colonists towards their former native communities. The general conclusion ol the author says that the group of external colonists, in comparison wnth the other two groups, is more mobile horizontally and vertically and that the process ol adaptations of both groups of colonists developed considerably slower than it was expected

Trends in the Number of Peasant-Communists in Vojvodina since the War (1945-1968)

The League of Communists must be the directing force of social development in rural areas. It must adjust the interests of different strata of the rural population. Thus changes in the structure of the rural population tend to be reflected in the changes of the social structure of the League of Communists. It is from this particular aspect that the author analyses changes in the social structure of the League of Communists in Vojvodina, especially as regards peasant-communists, on the basis of the following indicators: (a) peasant-communists in the total membership of the League of Communists; (b) peasants admitted to the membership of the League of Communists; (c) peasants eliminated from the League of Communists; (d) peasant-communists who have left the League of Commuriists of their own free will. The author points to the following tendencies: 1. major changes in the social structure of the rural community are reflected in the changes of the social structure of the League of Communists in rural communities; 2. an inadequate representation of peasants in the organizations of the League of Communists tends to affect the implementation of agrarian policies and to lead to the separation of rural party organizations from the peasants and their living problems; 3. as a result, the content of discussions and the resolutions and policies adopted in those rural organizations of the League of Communists in which the peasants are represented only symbolically, tend to shift from the problems of agriculture and of the social transformation of the rural community to the problems of other social strata of the rural population which — as indicated by the results of the investigation — predominate in the structure of the rural organizations of the League of Communists in Vojvodina

The Social Position of the Farm Woman

Over 90% of all the economically active women living in the village are active agricultural workers that work on privately owned farms. During the better part of the working day the woman does her work in the field of consumption and in the field of production. That is physically exhausting, and is reflected on her role as mother. Undeveloped tertiary activities in rural areas, and the non-existence of work organizations designed to help the household and the working farm woman, make it more difficult for her to carry out her household tasks and responsibilities. Direct social action in intimate and family matters would not be realistic and would not contribute to a fundamental improvement in the farm woman\u27s position as a wife. However, organized action to eliminate dated customs and raise the consciousness of the village population concerning the equality of women would speed up the process of transformation of martial and family relations. Special progress would be achieved by raising the general level of eduction of the village woman. The mass media and processes of socialist transformation and deagrarization of the village also have a meaning in the struggle to realize equality between the man and the woman in the village. The farm woman is the most numerous part of the village population, and it would be impossible to carry out the socialist transformation of the village without her. However, she is not prepared for that social role. Society must bear in mind that as the village becomes less agrarian, the farm woman will increasingly become an actor in agricultural production on the privately owned farm. It is thus necessary to undertake all the measures necessary to prepare her for modern, mechanized, intense food production

Participation of Peasant-Communists in the Activities of Political Organizations and Institutions in Rural Areas

The article deals with an investigation which was carried out in two villages near Belgrade in order to establish the objective position and role of peasants in the political life of rural communities, and the prospects for the activity of peasants members of the League of Comunists, in comparison with members of the League of Communists from other social strata. The investigation has shown the following: (a) that the centres of political decisions-making are moving away from rural areas; (b) that the possibilities for peasants members of the League of Communists, to exert their influence through self-managing organs have been objectively narrowed; (c) that peasants in general, and thus also those who are members of the League of Communists, are inadequately represented in political institutions and organizations in commune and villages, especially as regards key posts; (d) that therefore peasants, members of the League of Communists, have no proper possibility for implementing the policies and views -of their basic organiza

The Social Position of the Farm Woman

Over 90% of all the economically active women living in the village are active agricultural workers that work on privately owned farms. During the better part of the working day the woman does her work in the field of consumption and in the field of production. That is physically exhausting, and is reflected on her role as mother. Undeveloped tertiary activities in rural areas, and the non-existence of work organizations designed to help the household and the working farm woman, make it more difficult for her to carry out her household tasks and responsibilities. Direct social action in intimate and family matters would not be realistic and would not contribute to a fundamental improvement in the farm woman\u27s position as a wife. However, organized action to eliminate dated customs and raise the consciousness of the village population concerning the equality of women would speed up the process of transformation of martial and family relations. Special progress would be achieved by raising the general level of eduction of the village woman. The mass media and processes of socialist transformation and deagrarization of the village also have a meaning in the struggle to realize equality between the man and the woman in the village. The farm woman is the most numerous part of the village population, and it would be impossible to carry out the socialist transformation of the village without her. However, she is not prepared for that social role. Society must bear in mind that as the village becomes less agrarian, the farm woman will increasingly become an actor in agricultural production on the privately owned farm. It is thus necessary to undertake all the measures necessary to prepare her for modern, mechanized, intense food production

Participation of Peasant-Communists in the Activities of Political Organizations and Institutions in Rural Areas

The article deals with an investigation which was carried out in two villages near Belgrade in order to establish the objective position and role of peasants in the political life of rural communities, and the prospects for the activity of peasants members of the League of Comunists, in comparison with members of the League of Communists from other social strata. The investigation has shown the following: (a) that the centres of political decisions-making are moving away from rural areas; (b) that the possibilities for peasants members of the League of Communists, to exert their influence through self-managing organs have been objectively narrowed; (c) that peasants in general, and thus also those who are members of the League of Communists, are inadequately represented in political institutions and organizations in commune and villages, especially as regards key posts; (d) that therefore peasants, members of the League of Communists, have no proper possibility for implementing the policies and views -of their basic organiza

Genetički polimorfizmi paraoksonaze 1 i podložnost aterogenezi

Introduction. Paraoxonase 1 (PON1) is a multifunctional enzyme associated with high-density lipoprotein particles (HDL). It is a cellular antioxidant that hydrolyses oxidized macromolecules, especially low-density lipoproteins (ox-LDL). Because increased oxidative stress is believed to play a crucial role in the initiation and propagation of atherosclerosis, coding (Q192R and L55M) and promoter (C(-107)T) region polymorphisms of pon1 gene, that are responsible for catalytic efficiency, activity and the level of the enzyme, have been of great interest as a potential markers of susceptibility for atherogenesis. Objective. The aim of the study was to assess possible association between these pon1 gene variants and clinical manifestations of the atherosclerosis and oxidative stress. Methods. A total of 60 angiographically documented patients with manifested atherosclerotic disease and 100 control individuals were analyzed. Genomic DNA was isolated from the peripheral blood cells and genotyping was performed using polymerase chain reaction followed by the restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) analysis. Results No significant difference in allele and genotype frequencies of all three examined polymorphisms was found between the atherosclerotic patients and healthy controls. The obtained results could not support an association of pon1 gene variants with the oxidative stress and atherogenesis. Conclusion. These polymorphisms cannot be considered risk factors of atherosclerosis in Serbian population. A larger study is required in order to establish possible contribution of pon1 variants to atherosclerosis-related cardiovascular diseases.Uvod. Paraoksonaza 1 (PON1) je multifunkcionalni enzim koji je vezan za lipoproteine visoke gustine (HDL). To je ćelijski antioksidans koji hidrolizuje oksidovane makromolekule, naročito oksidovane lipoproteine niske gustine (ox-LDL). Smatra se da povišeni oksidativni stres igra ključnu ulogu u inicijaciji i propagaciji ateroskleroze, pa su polimorfizmi u kodirajućem (Q192R i L55M) i promotorskom (C(-107)T) regionu gena pon1, koji su odgovorni za katalitičku efikasnost, aktivnost i nivo enzima, od velikog interesa kao potencijalni markeri osetljivosti na aterogenezu. Cilj rada. Cilj ove studije je bio da se ispita moguća povezanost varijanti gena pon1 i kliničkih manifestacija ateroskleroze i oksidativnog stresa. Metode rada. Analizirano je 60 bolesnika s angiografski dokumentovanim manifestacijama ateroskleroze i 100 zdravih ispitanika. Genomska DNK je izolovana iz ćelija periferne krvi, a genotipizacija je urađena primenom reakcije lančane polimeraze, posle koje je urađena analiza dužine restrikcionih fragmenata (tzv. PCR-RFLP analiza). Rezultati. Učestalosti alela i genotipova tri ispitivana polimorfizma nisu pokazale značajne razlike između ispitanika obolelih od ateroskleroze i zdravih osoba. Dobijeni rezultati ne ukazuju na povezanost analiziranih varijanti gena pon1 i oksidativnog stresa i aterogeneze. Zaključak. Ovi polimorfizmi se ne mogu smatrati faktorima rizika za razvoj ateroskleroze u srpskoj populaciji. Potrebna je studija sa većim brojem ispitanika, kako bi se utvrdio mogući doprinos varijanti gena pon1 na nastanak kardiovaskularnih oboljenja u čijoj osnovi je ateroskleroza