Quantification of occupant response and injury from impact. Final report.

National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, Washington, D.C.Mode of access: Internet.Author corporate affiliation: Heidelberg Universitaet, Institut fuer Rechtsmedizin, Germany FRReport covers the period 1980 - 1985. Released 1989Subject code: DFKSubject code: DGEOSSubject code: JLTSubject code: NRSESubject code: NU*ENSubject code: WSM*NLSISubject code: XMCSSubject code: XM

Protection for Thorax Injury Severity in 90° Lateral Collision

The thoracic trauma index (TTI) and the viscous criterion (VC) are injury criteria intended for the prediction of torso injury severity. The criteria were assessed in two series of experiments: 90° (lateral) car to car collisions and controlled left trunk impacts against either a rigid or padded wall. Forty-two belt restrained human cadavers in the age range 18–65 years, located in the near-side front passenger seat, were used. The impact velocity was between 40 and 60 km/h. Left and right side impacts were simulated using standard or modified car side structures. With the second series of experiments, the left side of each subject was impacted under one of two different test conditions: 24 km/h rigid wall or 32 km/h padded wall. The thorax deformation was evaluated through the double integration of the accelerated difference at the fourth and eight ribs, near and far side. Deformation maxima of 6–138 mm (mean 69 mm), VC values of 0.3–4.7 m/s (mean 1.6 m/s), and TTI values of 85–252 (mean 63) occurred. Torso abbreviated injury severity (AIS) values were between 0 and 5. Statistical analyses showed a stronger influence of age on injury severity than the injury criteria or biomechanical responses in the two series of experiments. The TTI showed the highest correlation with thoracic AIS and the number of rib fractures, while VC was the better predictor of abdominal AIS. The results are discussed critically and the strength and robustness of the injury criteria analyzed

Human face response at an angle to the fore-aft vertical plane impact

IRCOBI conference, STIGES, ESPAGNE, 23-/09/1999 - 24/09/1999The stiffness characteristics and the kinematics response of the face of human cadaver are reported. Impact tests with human specimens are necessary to study the biomechanical response to impact, injury mechanisms and injury criteria. To complete existing test data, both inrets-lbmc and the university of heidelberg (unh) performed impact tests on human cadavers. This work, mainly funded by the european commission (ec), is part of the task 2.1, of the adria programme (advanced crash dummy research for injury assessment in frontal test conditions). About sixty (including twenty-four funded by the ec) impact tests were performed on fifteen cadavers by inrets-lbmc. The impacts were delivered by an impactor simulating a steering wheel rim, to the forehead and to the upper maxilla at an angle to the fore-aft vertical (sagittal) plane in order to represent typical accident conditions. The unh carried out a total of eight tests on four cadavers (funded by the ec). Each cadaver received a padded impact on the left face side and a rigid impact on the right face side. The head kinematics were recorded by high speed film, and the force and the acceleration of the impactor were measured. This paper presents the results of human cadaver tests, including test conditions and sustained injuries, linear and angular acceleration-time histories, force-time histories, kinematics analysis, injury mechanics and medical findings

Improved frontal impact protection through a world frontal impact dummy

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