Kinetic Study of Oxidation Degradation of Polyphenols in Sour Cherry and Blackberry Extracts During Storage

In this study was to investigate the influence of storage time, light and temperature on stability of polyphenols in sour cherry (Prunus cerasus) and blackberry (Rubus fruticosus), were harvested in western Serbia (Rasinski region). Total phenol content was monitored in the fruit extracts during 23 days stored at 7°C under darkness and 90 days storage at 23°C in oxygen. For analyzed extracts, first-order reaction kinetics was established for the degradation process of polyphenols. The temperature dependence of the polyphenols degradation rate constants was expressed by the temperature coefficients Q10 of the process. It is found that the Q10 values of polyphenols degradation in sour cherry and blackberry extracts were 1.247 and 3.239, respectively

Comparative analysis of the potential probiotic abilities of lactobacilli of human origin and from fermented vegetables

In this study, twelve strains of Lactobacillus plantarum derived from spontaneously fermented vegetables (carrots and beetroot) and traditionally prepared sauerkraut were compared for their potential probiotic abilities with seven Lactobacillus rhamnosus strains of human origin. The tested strains were investigated for some technological properties and in vitro functional characteristics for potential probiotic strains. Selection probiotic criteria included the ability of the strains to withstand conditions similar to the digestive tract, antimicrobial activity against a wide range of intestinal pathogens and sensitivity to antibiotics. The total acidity in milk was generally higher in intestinal strains in relation to plant strains. The ability of the tested strains to survive simulated gastric conditions showed a greater resistance of the human strains at a low pH 2.5 and the presence of pepsin, while in the presence of bile salts and pancreatin, some intestinal strains were more sensitive compared to plant strains. A wide spectrum of antimicrobial activities was observed in all tested strains. Most of the plant strains were resistant to aminoglycosides and vancomycin but sensitive to ampicillin and penicillin, while only some intestinal strains were resistant to these drugs

The Potential of SGLT-2 Inhibitors in the Treatment of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: The Current Status and Future Perspectives

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most frequent endocrinopathy during women’s reproductive age. PCOS is a heterogeneous disorder featuring specific cardiometabolic properties. The association between the presence of metabolic disorders and PCOS supports the claim that the regulation of glycemic status is very important in these patients. There is a wide range of therapeutic options (including those treating diabetes mellitus type 2) with potential advantages available for the management of PCOS. Sodium–glucose cotransporter type 2 inhibitors (SGLT-2is) improve glucose metabolism, reduce fat tissue, lower blood pressure, reduce oxidative stress and inflammation, and protect the cardiovascular system. Currently, the use of SGLT-2is is not widespread in PCOS therapy, although these drugs represent a promising new therapeutic approach. Therefore, it is necessary to initiate further study in order to determine more effective therapies for PCOS and investigate the effect of SGLT-2is, both as a monotherapy and in combination with other drugs. It is necessary to understand the mechanisms underlying SGLT-2is in PCOS and their effects on long-term complications, especially since the gold standard treatment for PCOS, such as metformin and oral contraceptives, do not have long-term cardioprotective effects. The effects of SGLT-2is seem to involve cardiac protection, while diminishing endocrine and reproductive abnormalities in PCOS. In the current narrative review, we examine the most recent clinical evidence and discuss the potential applications of SGLT-2is for PCOS therapy

High Fat Diet Exaggerate Metabolic and Reproductive PCOS Features by Promoting Oxidative Stress: An Improved EV Model in Rats

Background and Objectives: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a frequent multifactorial endocrinopathy affecting women in the reproductive period, often associated with infertility and metabolic disorders. The use of animal models helps to better understand etiopathogenesis, enabling the examination of the effects of certain drugs in order to discover the best possible therapeutic approach. We tried to investigate the additional effect of estradiol-valerate (EV) and high-fat diet (HFD) in female rats to explore PCOS-related alterations with special focus on oxidative stress. Materials and Methods: Animals were divided into three groups: control group (CTRL, n = 6), estradiol-valerate group (EV, n = 6), and estradiol-valerate group on HFD (EV + HFD, n = 6). PCOS was induced by single subcutaneous injection of long-acting EV in a dose of 4 mg/per rat. We tried to improve the metabolic characteristics of the PCOS animal model by adding HFD, so the CTRL and EV group had a regular diet, while the EV + HFD group had HFD during the induction period of 60 days. Results: We observed alterations of anthropometric parameters and hormonal disturbances, along with estrus cycle impairment reassembly to obese-type PCOS phenotype. Moreover, glucose metabolism was impaired after addition of HFD to EV protocol, contrary to EV administered alone. Histological analysis confirmed more numerous cystic follicles after the combination of EV and HFD protocol. The alterations of oxidative stress markers could be related to and serve as the mechanistic base for development of PCOS-related endocrine, reproductive, and metabolic properties. Conclusions: The additive effect of EV and HFD was obvious in the majority of the parameters observed. Our study strongly demonstrated metabolic as well as reproductive properties of PCOS in rats